Information AboutOud |
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The oud, (, still in use in traditional Middle Eastern Music . HISTORY The oud, regarded as a precursor to the European Lute , its name is derived from the Arabic word العود ''al-‘ūd'' 'the Wood ', which is probably the name of tree from which the oud was made. (The Arabic name, with the Definite Article , is the source of the word 'lute'.) According to Farabi , a Persian philosopher, the oud was invented by Lamak , the sixth grandson of Adam . The legend tells that the grieving Lamak hung the body of his dead son from a tree. The first oud was inspired by the shape of his son's bleached skeleton. The oldest pictorial record of a lute dates back to the Uruk Period in Southern Mesopotamia , over 5000 years ago on a cylinder seal currently housed at the British Museum and acquired by Dr. Dominique Collon. The image depicts a female crouching with her instruments upon a boat playing right-handedly. This instrument appears hundreds of times throughout Mesopotamian history and again in ancient Egypt from the 18th dynasty onwards in long and short neck varieties. One may see such examples at the Metropolitan Museums of New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, and the British Museum on clay tables and papyrus paper. This instrument has been a part of every civilization that ever lived in the Mediterainian and Gulf regions including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Persians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Greeks, Egyptians, and Romans. The oud was introduced into Europe by Ziryab , where it evolved into the western-style Lute . DEFINING FEATURES
REGIONAL TYPES
PLECTRUM (PICK) The Plectrum (pick) for the oud is usually a little more than the length of an index-finger. Arabic players refer to it as a ''reeshe'' or ''risha'', while Turkish players refer to it as a ''mizrap''. Traditionally it is made from a eagle's feather, however, plastic picks are much more commonly found, as effective, and much cheaper. Oud players take the quality of their plectrum very seriously. Players will often make their own out of other plastic objects. They will take great care to Sand down any sharp edges of the plectrum in order to achieve the best sound possible. OUD TUNINGS There are many different tuning options for the oud. All tunings are presented from the lowest course\single string to the highest course. ''The following tunings are from: Lark in the Morning & oudcafe.com '' Arabic Oud Tunings
Turkish oud ("ud") and Cümbüş Tunings
THE CüMBüş The Cümbüş is the Banjo version of the oud. It is played in exactly the same way as the Turkish oud ("ud") and is tuned using the same systems. It shares the same technique with the oud and only differs in appearance and sound. LIST OF WELL-KNOWN OUD PLAYERS
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