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Organic reductions or '''organic oxidations''' or '''organic redox reactions''' are Redox Reaction s that take place with Organic Compound s. In Organic Chemistry oxidations and reductions are different from ordinary redox reactions because many reactions carry the name but do not actually involve electron transfer in the Electrochemical sense of the word. Following the rules for determining the Oxidation Number for an individual carbon atom leads to
Methane is oxidized to Carbon Dioxide because the oxidation number changes from -4 to +4. Classical reductions include Alkene reduction to Alkane s and classical oxidations include oxidation of Alcohol s to Aldehyde s with Manganese Dioxide . In oxidations electrons are removed and the electron density of a molecule is reduced. In reductions electron density increases when electrons are added to the molecule. This terminology is always centered around the organic compound. So a Ketone is always reduced by Lithium Aluminium Hydride but it is bad form to have lithium aliminium hydride oxidized by a ketone. Many oxidations involve removal of Proton s from the organic molecule and the reverse reduction adds protons to an organic molecule. Many reactions classified as reductions also appear in other classes. For instance conversion of the ketone to an alcohol by Lithium aluminium hydride can be considered a reduction but the hydride is also a good Nucleophile in Nucleophilic Substitution . Many redox reactions in organic chemistry have Coupling Reaction Reaction Mechanism involving Free Radical intermediates. True organic redox chemistry can be found in electrochemical organic synthesis. Examples of organic reactions that can take place in a Electrochemical Cell are the Kolbe Electrolysis {Link without Title} ORGANIC REDUCTIONS Several reaction mechanisms exist for organic reductions:
Reductions that do not fit in any reduction reaction mechanism and in which just the change in oxidation state is reflected include the Wolff-Kishner Reaction . ORGANIC OXIDATIONS Several reaction mechanisms exist for organic oxidations:
SEE ALSO
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