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In this method, a Laser source of near Infrared light is positioned on the Scalp . Detectors composed of Optic Fiber bundles are located a few Centimeter s away from the light source. These detectors sense how the path of light is altered, either through Absorption or Scattering , as it traverses brain tissue.

This method can provide two types of information. First, it can be used to measure the absorption of light, which is related to concentration of Chemical s in the brain. Second, it can measure the scattering of light, which is related to physiological characteristics such as the swelling of Glia and Neuron s that are associated with neuronal firing.