Information AboutOil |
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Oil is a generic term for a Chemical Compound that is not miscible with Water , and is in a Liquid State at ambient temperatures. Such substances are sometimes described as Hydrophobic (meaning water hating) or Lipophilic (meaning fat loving). Emulsifiers allow oils and water to mix. TYPES Hydrocarbons Certain oils are liquid Hydrocarbon s or mixtures thereof. They differ from other organic compounds, such as Alcohol s, Ketone s and Ether s in that they are non- Polar . Wax es are chemically similar to this kind of oil, differing only in that they have longer hydrocarbon chains and are thus solids at room temperature. Triglycerides The word oil also refers to Triglyceride s which are liquids at room temperature, usually in the context of Cooking Oil . The triglycerides in cooking oil tend to contain Unsaturated Fatty Acid chains, hence the terms Monounsaturate and Polyunsaturate . Triglycerides found in animals are generally Saturated and so tend to be solids at room temperature − if solid, they are called Animal Fat s. Animal triglycerides are mostly solid while vegetable triglycerides are mostly liquid because animal triglycerides are less Unsaturated . The Unsaturation in vegetable triglycerides is in the form of '' Cis '' Alkene Groups , which form a kink in the fatty acid chain, preventing neighbouring fatty acid chains from aligning. This effect limits the degree of Intramolecular Attraction and so allows individual molecules to rotate with respect to each other, the condition for a Liquid . EXAMPLES Biological
Mineral
Synthetic
APPLICATIONS ; Cooking Oil Edible vegetable and animal oils are frequently used in cooking, due to their ability to reach higher temperatures than water. They also serve as a Flavour Enhancer and as a supporting medium for Vitamin s and Aroma s. ; Fuel Oil Oils contain a high amount of stored energy, which can be used for Heating and powering Combustion engines. Oils used for this purpose are usually derived from petroleum, but biological sources of energy are being evaluated as an alternative to the increasingly expensive crude oil. ; Lubrication Due to their non-polarity, oils do not easily adhere to other substances. This makes them useful as lubricants for various engineering purposes. Suitable oils are often found in the mineral spectrum, as biological oils degrade quickly in most environmental conditions. ; Petrochemistry Petrochemistry is the process of refining crude oil into useful raw materials, Plastic s, and other oils. ; Heat Transport Many oils have higher Boiling Point s than water and lower Electrical Conductivity , allowing them to be used for Liquid Cooling systems, especially where electricity is used. ; Painting Color pigments can be easily dissolved in oil, making oil suitable as supporting medium for paints. The slow drying process and miscibility of oil facilitates a realistic style. This method has been used since the 15th Century . |
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