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Simula ( 1967 ) is generally accepted as the first language to have the primary features of an object-oriented language. It was created for making Simulation Program s, in which what came to be called objects were the most important information representation. Smalltalk ( 1972 to 1980 ) is arguably the canonical example, and the one with which much of the theory of object-oriented programming was developed.

OO languages can be grouped into several broad classes, determined by the extent to which they support all features and functionality of object-orientation and es, Method s, Polymorphism , Inheritance , and Reusability .
  • Languages called "pure" OO languages, because everything in them is treated consistently as an object, from primitives such as characters and punctuation, all the way up to whole classes, prototypes, blocks, modules, etc. They were designed specifically to facilitate, even enforce, OO methods. Examples: Smalltalk , Eiffel , Ruby .

  • Languages designed mainly for OO programming, but with some procedural elements. Examples: Java , Python .

  • Languages that are historically , Fortran 2003 , Perl .

  • Languages with most of the features of objects (classes, methods, inheritance, reusability), but in a distinctly original, even elegant, form. Examples: Oberon , and successor Oberon-2 .

  • Languages with (with excellent encapsulation and information hiding), Pliant .


Inheritance and Polymorphism are usually used to reduce Code Bloat . Abstraction and Encapsulation are used to increase code clarity, quite independent of the other two traits.


LANGUAGES WITH OBJECT-ORIENTED FEATURES



IMPLEMENTING DESIGNS EXPRESSED IN UML

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a language- Agnostic , non- Proprietary modeling language that can be used to design object-oriented systems. It is generally regarded as the complete specification of OO, as an abstract design expressed in UML can ideally be implemented in any OO programming languages.

UML specifies, among other things, a set of component types and relationships. There is currently no known OO language that inherently (i.e. without significant manual effort) supports the full OO capability. Features typically lacking include: