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Province of Nova Scotia
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Provincial
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Flag of Nova Scotiasvg
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Ns-coat-thbjpg
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Nova_Scotia-mappng
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Munit Haec et Altera Vincit ( Latin : One defends and the other conquers)
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None (English,French,Gealic)
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Halifax
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Halifax
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Rodney MacDonald
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PC
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Myra Freeman
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Lieutenant-Governor
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NS
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B
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12<sup>th</sup>
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39,092
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55,283
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53,338
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1,946
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35
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7<sup>th</sup>
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937,889
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2005
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2<sup>nd</sup>
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1694
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2005
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$31451 billion
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7<sup>th</sup>
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$33,533
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11<sup>th</sup>
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1<sup>st</sup>
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July 1 , 1867
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UTC -4
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11
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10
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CA-NS
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('''''Nouvelle-Écosse''''' in for ''New
Scotland ''.
Nova Scotia's economy is traditionally largely resource based, but has in recent decades become more diverse. Traditional industries such as
Fishing ,
Mining ,
Forestry and
Agriculture remain very important, and have been joined by
Tourism ,
Technology ,
Film production,
Music and other cultural industries.
The territory now known as Nova Scotia included several regions of the
Mi'kmaq nation of Mi'gma'gi, which covered all of the Maritimes, as well as parts of Maine, the Gaspé, and Newfoundland. Nova Scotia was already home to the
Mi'kmaq people when the first European colonists arrived. In 1604,
French colonists established the first permanent European settlement north of Florida at
Port Royal , founding what would become known as
Acadia . The
British Empire obtained control of the region between 1713 and 1760, and established the new capital at
Halifax in 1749. Nova Scotia was one of the founding four provinces to join
Confederation with
Canada in
1867 .
''See also individual articles on'' .
Paleo-Indians Camp ed at locations in present-day Nova Scotia approximately 11,000 years ago.
Archaic Indians are believed to have been present in the area between 1,000 and 5,000 years ago.
Mi'kmaq , the
First Nations of the province and region, are their direct descendants.
While there is some debate over where he landed, it is most widely believed that the Italian explorer , lead by
Pierre Dugua, Sieur De Monts established the first capital for the colony
Acadia at
Port Royal in
1604 at the head of the
Annapolis Basin .
In
1620 , the
Plymouth Council For New England , under
James I Of England/James VI Of Scotland designated the whole shorelines of Acadia and the Mid-Atlantic colonies south to the
Chesapeake Bay as
New England . In the latter
1620s , a group of
Scot s was sent by
Charles I Of England And Scotland to set up the colony of 'Nova Scotia' or 'New Scotland'. (The Latin appellation was so stated in Sir
William Alexander 's
1621 land grant.) However owing to the signing of a
Peace Treaty with France, the territory was given to the French and the Scots ordered to abandon their mission before their colony had been properly established.
The French took control of the Mi'kmaq and other First Nations territory. In 1654, King Louis XIV of France appointed aristocrat
Nicholas Denys as Governor of
Acadia and granted him the confiscated lands and the right to all its minerals. British colonists captured Acadia in the course of
King William's War , but Britain returned the territory to France in the
Treaty Of Ryswick at the wars end. The territory was recaptured by forces loyal to Britain during the course of
Queen Anne's War , and its conquest confirmed by the
Treaty Of Utrecht of
1713 . France retained possession of Île St Jean (
Prince Edward Island ) and Île Royale (
Cape Breton Island ), on which it established a
Fortress at
Louisbourg to guard the sea approaches to
Quebec . This fortress was captured by American colonial
Forces , then of returned by the British to France, then ceded again after the
French And Indian War of
1755 .
Thus mainland Nova Scotia became a British colony in 1713, although
Samuel Vetch had a precarious hold on the territory as governor from the fall of Acadian Port-Royal (
Annapolis Royal ) in October 1710. British governing officials became increasingly concerned over the unwillingness of the French-speaking,
Catholic Acadians , who were the majority of colonists, to pledge allegiance to the
British Crown , then
George II . The colony remained mostly Acadian despite the establishment of
Halifax as the province's capital, and the settlement of a large number of mostly
German Foreign Protestants along the
South Shore in
1750 . In
1755 , the British forcibly expelled the over 12,000 Acadians in what became known as the Grand Dérangement, or
Great Expulsion .
The colony's jurisdiction changed during this time. Nova Scotia was granted a supreme court in
1754 with the appointment of
Jonathan Belcher and a
Legislative Assembly in
1758 . In
1763 Cape Breton Island became part of Nova Scotia. In
1769 , St. John's Island (now
Prince Edward Island ) became a separate colony. The county of
Sunbury was created in
1765 , and included all of the territory of current day
New Brunswick and eastern
Maine as far as the Penobscot River. In
1784 the western, mainland portion of the colony was separated and became the province of
New Brunswick , and the territory in Maine entered the control of the newly independent American state of
Massachusetts . Cape Breton would again became a separate colony in
1784 only to be returned to Nova Scotia in
1820 .
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