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Since Quantum Mechanical Hamiltonian s consist of Operators , they depend on the order of these. When quantizing a Classical Hamiltonian one therefore has some freedom when choosing the operator order, and these choices lead to differences in Ground State Energy .

Normal order only applies to Free Field theories. The normal order of the operators is the choice that leads to ''zero ground state energy''. It puts all Annihilation Operator s to the right, and all Creation Operator s to the left, leading to a ground state Expectation Value of 0:

  :<math>0 \langle 0 N(K) 0 angle </math>
  :<math>:\phi(x)\chi(y): \phi(x)\chi(y)-\langle\Omega\phi(x)\chi(y)\Omega angle</math>
  Where &Omega> Is The "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/vacuum_state" class="copylinks">Vacuum State Each of the two terms on the right hand side typically blows up in the limit as y approaches x but the difference between them has a well-defined limit This allows us to define :&phi(x)&chi(x):