- In Security engineering, a is a 'number used once'. It is often a Random or Pseudo-random number issued in an Authentication Protocol to ensure that old communications cannot be reused in ' Replay Attack s'. For instance, nonces are used in HTTP Digest Access Authentication to calculate an MD5 digest of the Password . The nonces are different each time the 401 authentication challenge Response Code is presented, thus making the replay attack virtually impossible. Some also refer to Initialization Vectors as nonces for the above reasons. In order to ensure that a nonce is used only once it should be time-variant (including a suitably granular Timestamp in its value), or generated with enough random bits to ensure a probablisticly insignificant chances of repeating a previously generated value.
- In the UK , the term is a Slang word used to refer to a sex offender, especially Child Sexual Abusers , and thus as an insult. Folk Etymologies for the origins of this word state that the word derives from '''N'''ot '''O'''f '''N'''ormal '''C'''riminal '''E'''thos, used to mean an offender whose motivation was different from the purely acquisitive, or possibly '''N'''ot '''O'''n '''N'''ormal '''C'''ourtyard '''E'''xercise, for prisoners that were not to be mixed with the general population for their own safety. As with most cases, these folk Etymologies are examples of Backronyms and should not be taken seriously. The actual origin of this word is unknown, but it is probable that it is derived from ''nancy'', a derogatory term referring to Homosexual males. Several websites have been set up claiming to give details of such people, however whether the information is reliable or not is another matter.
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