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Bold text The New World Calendar Bold textThe principles of the creating of the New World Calendar M.I.Petin The solar Gregorian calendar, which practically functions now as a World calendar is nevertheless perceived nowadays by the most of our planet population only as Western or Christian calendar. The analysis of the history of creation of the Gregorian calendar and of its lacks shows the influence on it of certain subjects and phenomena. For example, one can assert that there is the following dependence: The Bible - an industrial cycle (work, rest) - a calendar – - Nature (the Sun, the Moon, the Earth). In recent times ( IV century CE) Christian Church (the Bible) exerted its influence on the calendar: a mythical industrial cycle (7-day’s week) was introduced into the calendar, which is present in the calendar at the present time. There observed in Nature the time cycles connected with the seen movement of heavenly bodies (the Sun, the Moon, the Earth). These natural cycles are reflected in a calendar. They are a calendar basis and are used for counting of long time intervals. For example, the seen Sun movement defines the seasonal solar year in a calendar, the Moon movement - the month (lunation), the Earth rotation - the sutki (day + night). A mythical 7-day’s week is absent in Nature. A calendar problem, in particular, lies in the fact that in the 313 year (IV century CE) the Roman Emperor Constantine has wrongly introduced a 7-day’s week into the solar (Julian) calendar when one had legalized Christianity. Unfortunately, this mistake was not corrected in 1582 by Roman Pope Gregory XIII and by the author (reformer) Christother Clavius while making the Julian calendar reform. The mistake of Emperor Constantine is in the inequality between the duration of a CALENDAR month and the average duration of the NATURAL lunar cycle (29,5305888531 sutki). Strictly speaking, the duration of one week should be equal to: 29,5305888531: 4 = 7,382 … sutki. Further, taking into account the idea, that in any calendar there can be only the integers (fractional numbers should be approximated to the nearest integers) it is necessary to consider, that: I week=7,38х1= 7,38= 7 sutki, i.e. 7 +II week=7,38х2=14,76=15 sutki, i.e. 7+8 I+II+III week=7.38x3=22,14=22 sutki, i.e. 7+8+7 I+II+III+IV week=7.38x4=29,52=30 (or 29) sutki, i.e. 7+8+7+8(or 7). Thus, the next conclusion follows: For conformity of the CALENDAR months to the NATURAL lunar cycles, the following conditions should be observed: - the calendar months (lunations) should have structures - 7+8+7+8 (30 sutki) and 7+8+7+7 (29 sutki), grouped in the Meton-cycles known from the ancient times (before the Julian and Gregorian calendars). The Gregorian calendar is rather accurate and widespread but besides an erroneous 7-day’s week it has a number of lacks: - the duration of months is different (from 28 up to 31 days), - the months of different duration alternate randomly, - the quarters of a year have different duration (from 90 to 92 days), - the first half-year period is always shorter than the second one three days - in an ordinary year and two days - in a leap year), - the years and months begin with different week days, - 10 - 11 weeks " are split ", i.e. one part of them belongs to one month, the other part belongs to the other month, - the number of working days in different months of the same year is various (23-27 days at a six-day working week and 19-23 days at a five-day working week), - the dates of months are not coordinated with week days as well as the with Moon phases, - the calendar is not convenient for women (in a female calendar the periods of the women biorhythms are close to the periods of lunar cycles), - a non-Christian part of the Earth’s population (5 billion persons from 6 billion of the total number of people on the Earth) criticizes the Gregorian calendar (see web-site - http://www.icacci.org/english/pages/home.html ), - the initial date in a calendar is only a myth, a legend, but not the fixed astronomical phenomenon. How can all these lacks be eliminated? A New World Сalendar should: - be a double calendar, i.e. a solar (seasonal) and a lunar-solar one. Note. Such official STATE calendars (but with a 7-day’s week) exist now, for example, in Israel, UAE, Saudi Arabia etc, - have structures of months: 7+8+7+8 (30 days) and 7+8+7+7 (29 days), - have the initial date in a calendar as the astronomical phenomenon instead of myths, legends about the birthdays of prophets etc., - be precisely synchronized (an accuracy -/+ 1.5 day) in relation to natural solar and natural lunar cycles, - be acceptable for any religion, - etc. For the last 200 years the calendar experts have created a lot of projects of calendars with a 7-day's week. But all of them are as though «the curve mirrors» which are not convenient to use. The unique project of a calendar «with a flat mirror» (i.e. 7+8+7+8 and 7+8+7+7) is placed on sites: http://WorldCalendarPetin.narod.ru/index.htm http://Petin1Mikhail.narod.ru/index.htm The new World Calendar has a number of advantages in comparison with the solar Gregorian or other calendars: - it is not required to introduce the "special" dates. Dates 15 and 30 of the lunar months are the same usual integral days of the week, as all others, - the duration of months is unified - 29 and 30 days, - the structure of months – constant and easily remembered, - the lengths of lunar years are reduced from six values up to three: 354, 355, 384 days, - the quantity of working days in each month is constant (24 days at a 6-day working week and 20 days at a 5-day working week) - the months, quarters of years and years begin and finish at the same days of a week, - the dates of months and weekdays are synchronized with phases of the Moon (with the rotation of the Moon around the Earth), which allows to take into account the workers efficiency in productions connected with the biorhythms, arising under the influence of the Moon, - the new calendar is more convenient for women, than the Gregorian Calendar, - all calendar cycles: - the sutki (day + night), - the lunation (lunar month), - the solar year, - the Meton cycle (19 solar years), - the Grand Meton cycle (6479 solar years) - correspond to the natural rotation periods of heavenly bodies (the Sun, the Moon, the Earth ) relative to each other, - each Grand Meton cycle is attached to the precise heavenly time reference points of time (orientirs), i.e. the moments of the mutual position of the Sun, the Moon, the Earth when the Southern solstice, the solar eclipse, midday are simultaneously observed and when the solar eclipse will be repeated through the lunation period. Such next in turn combination of mutual positions of the mentioned above heavenly bodies had taken place on December 20, 1786 with the subsequent repeated solar eclipse on January 19, 1787, see the web-site: http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEcat/SEcatalog.html . - correction of discrepancy of lunar and solar years concerning the calendar structure and also between themselves is simple; it can be carried out by high precision compensating methods. The New World PETIN-METON calendar is the answer to a question on a calendar reform which was raised in 1953 in the United Nations under the initiative of the India delegation which had offered “to ratify for whole of the world a new, uniform and constant calendar, astronomically coordinated with the movement of the Earth around the Sun which be more correct, scientifically reasonable and favourable, as compared with the Gregorian calendar”. The account of lunar months and solar years in the new World PETIN-METON Calendar creates conditions for rapprochement of religious traditions of Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Induism ,Buddhism etc., based on the most ancient observation of the seen movements of the Sun, the Moon, the Earth. Being guided by the preservation of an invariance of each religious doctrine, and also principles of friendly mutual relation, one can hope, that spiritual academies of different countries will consider an opportunity of application of the new solar + lunar-solar calendar in their states as the World calendar. Expansion of cultural, trading, technical, telecommunication connections between peoples (especially rapid development of the Internet-network in recent years) facilitates the calendar reform, which is of great international value. |
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