| Nature (journal) |
Article Index for Nature |
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Information AboutNature (journal) |
''Nature'' is one of the oldest and most reputable Scientific Journal s, first published on 4 November 1869 . Although most scientific journals are now highly specialized, ''Nature'' is idiosyncratic (along with other weekly journals such as '' Science '' and '' PNAS '') in still publishing original Research articles across a wide range of Scientific fields. In most fields of scientific research, many of the most important new advances each year are published as Article s or Letters in ''Nature''. Among the numerous scientific breakthroughs published in ''Nature'' are the discoveries of X-rays , the double-helix structure of DNA and the Ozone Hole . In Astronomy and Physical Cosmology , most of the serious advances are published in specialist journals, but a short ''letter'' is often published in Nature for publicity purposes, in particular to get attention from the mainstream media. Research Scientists are the primary audience for the journal, but article summaries and accompanying articles make many of the most important articles understandable for the general public. Toward the front of each issue are Editorial s and news and feature articles on issues of general interest to scientists, including current affairs, science funding, business, scientific Ethics and research breakthroughs. There are also sections on books and arts. The remainder of the journal consists mostly of research articles which are often dense and highly technical. Due to strict limits on the length of articles, in many cases the printed text is actually a summary of the work in question with many details relegated to accompanying ''supplemental material'' on the journal's website. Having an article published in ''Nature'' is very prestigious, and the articles are often highly cited, leading to promotions, grant funding, and attention from the mainstream media. Because of these Positive Feedback effects, competition among scientists to publish in high-level journals like ''Nature'' and its closest competitor, ''Science'', can be very fierce. ''Nature'''s Impact Factor for 2004 was 32.182 (as measured by Thomson ISI ). As with other professional scientific journals, articles undergo Peer Review before publication, in which other scientists, chosen by the editor for expertise with the subject matter but who have no connection to the research under review, will read and critique articles before publication. However, in the case of ''Nature'', submitted articles undergo an initial screening procedure by the editor. They are only sent for review if it is decided that they deal with a topical subject or are sufficiently ground-breaking in a particular field. As a consequence, the majority of submitted articles are rejected without review. PUBLICATION ''Nature'' was founded in 1869 by Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer , an astronomer and physicist best known as the co-discoverer of Helium . Lockyer was also the first editor of the journal from its founding until 1919. In ''Nature'''s Mission Statement , it says: It is intended, FIRST, to place before the general public the grand results of Scientific Work and Scientific Discovery; and to urge the claims of Science to a more general recognition in Education and in Daily Life; and, SECONDLY, to aid Scientific men themselves, by giving early information of all advances made in any branch of Natural knowledge throughout the world, and by affording them an opportunity of discussing the various Scientific questions which arise from time to time. ''Nature'' is a weekly journal edited and published in the United Kingdom by Nature Publishing Group , a subsidiary of Macmillan Publishers which in turn is owned by the Georg Von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group . Nature has offices in London , New York City , San Francisco , Washington, D.C. , Boston , Tokyo , Paris , Munich , and Basingstoke . Nature Publishing Group also publishes other specialized journals including '' Nature Neuroscience '', ''Nature Biotechnology,'' ''Nature Methods'', ''Nature Clinical Practice'', ''Nature Structural & Molecular Biology'' and the ''Nature Reviews'' series of journals. Presently, each issue of ''Nature'' is accompanied by the ''Nature s feature highlights from the issue and interviews with the articles' authors and the journalists covering the research. LANDMARK PAPERS The following is a selection of scientific breakthroughs published in ''Nature'', all of which had far-reaching consequences.
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