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1) Computing inspired by nature (also called Biologically Inspired Computing ): it makes use of nature as inspiration for the development of problem solving techniques. The main idea of this branch is to develop computational tools (algorithms) by taking inspiration from nature for the solution of complex problems;
2) The simulation and emulation of nature by means of computing: it is basically a synthetic process aimed at creating patterns, forms, behaviors, and organisms that (do not necessarily) resemble ‘life-as-we-know-it’. Its products can be used to mimic various natural phenomena, thus increasing our understanding of nature and insights about computer models; and
3) Computing with natural materials: it corresponds to the use of natural materials to perform computation, thus constituting a true novel computing paradigm that comes to substitute or supplement the current silicon-based computers.


BENEFITS OF NATURAL COMPUTATION

Benefits of natural computation technologies often mimic those found in real natural systems. These include:

  • Flexibility

  • --- NC techniques can often be applied to a very wide range of problems and with varying constraints.

  • Adaptability

  • --- NC algorithms are often good at dealing with unseen data and learning to handle it through intelligent acquisition of information.

  • Robustness

  • --- NC techniques are often very good at dealing with incomplete data, or data with anomalous features.

  • Decentralised control

  • --- Many NC techniques utilise a decentralised approach where there is no central hub coordinating computational activities.



TECHNIQUES INCLUDED IN NATURAL COMPUTATION

1) Computing inspired by nature:

2) Simulation and emulation of nature by means of computing

3) Computing with natural materials


FINDING OUT MORE

  • DE CASTRO, L. N. Natural Computing. In: Mehdi Khosrow-Pour. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Information Sciences and Technology. Idea Group Reference, 2005, vol. IV, pp. 2080-2084.

  • DE CASTRO, L. N. Fundamentals of Natural Computing: Basic Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications. Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2006.

  • {Link without Title} Natural Computing Journal


There are several leading research centres in nature inspired computation. Some of those are listed below.