Levels-of-processing Effect - states that different methods of encoding information into memory have different levels of effectiveness (Craik & Lockhart, 1972).
Part-list Cueing Effect - states that being shown some items from a list makes it harder to retrieve the other items.
Picture Superiority Effect - states that concepts are much more likely to be remembered experimentally if they are presented as pictures rather than as words.
Positivity Effect - states that older adults favor positive over negative information in their memories.
Primacy Effect - states that the first items on a list show an advantage in memory.
Recency Effect - states that the last items on a list show an advantage in memory.
Rosy Retrospection - states that the past is remembered as better than it really was.
Serial Position Effect - states that items at the beginning of a list are the easiest to recall, followed by the items near the end of a list; items in the middle are the least likely to be remembered.
Spacing Effect - states that while you are more likely to remember material if exposed to it many times, you will be much more likely to remember it if the exposures are repeated over a longer span of time.
Verbatim Effect - states that the "gist" of what someone has said is better remembered than the verbatim wording (Poppenk, Walia, Joanisse, Danckert, & Köhler, 2006)
Von Restorff Effect - states that an item that "stands out like a sore thumb" is more likely to be remembered than other items (von Restorff, 1933).
Zeigarnik Effect - states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones.
