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Marshall Field's is a Department Store chain headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota with its flagship store on State Street in Chicago . Since August 30 , 2005 , it has been a part of Federated Department Stores . Prior to that, it was a division of May Department Stores . May had acquired Marshall Field's from Target Corporation , (formerly Dayton-Hudson Corporation) on July 30 , 2004 . On February 1 , 2006 , Marshall Field's became the nexus of the new Macy's North division of Federated. On the weekend of September 9-10, 2006, the Marshall Field's moniker will be phased out in favor of the Macy's name. EARLY HISTORY The founder, Marshall Field , first obtained employment at a Dry Goods store in Chicago in 1852. Field rose to become a partner in the company. In 1865, Field with partner, Levi Leiter moved to an old store of Potter Palmer 's on Lake Street. In 1868, the two partners joined Potter Palmer in his new store on State Street and ran the store known as Field, Palmer, and Leiter. Shortly thereafter, Palmer retired from retailing and the store became known as Field & Leiter. The store burned to the ground during the Great Chicago Fire in 1871, and under Field's leadership a temporary store was re-opened within weeks. In 1879 a new store was built that would grow to cover an entire city block on State Street. In 1881 Field bought out his remaining business partner and changed the store's name to Marshall Field and Company. (Leiter opened his own department store further south along State Street.) The architect of the store, Daniel Burnham (of "make no small plans" fame) was the planner of the Beaux-Arts rebuilding of Chicago and a leading figure in the planning of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and Field's store first reached national prominence at this time. In 1907 a new 12-story building replaced the older store, and in 1914 another new 20-story Store for Men was built across Washington Street. It was the largest department store in the world. The Tiffany Ceiling is the first ceiling ever built in Favrile Iridescent Glass . With its restaurants and separate men's and women's lounges, this store became an important social destination. The company built the Merchandise Mart in 1930, which still claims to be the largest commercial building in the world. Marshall Field's was the first American department store to open a buying office in Europe, which was located in Manchester, England . It was also the first department store to open a Sit-down Restaurant and the first to offer a Bridal Registry . The Great Clock at the corner of State and Washington streets is a common symbol of the company and the area. The store's legendary iconography parallels the company's close relationship to Midwestern identity. The green shopping bags adorned with the company's signature script and the famous clock were the source of controversy following the chain's purchase by the (then) Dayton-Hudson Corporation in 1990 - new bags in (cheaper) brown paper received a storm of protest from the store's notoriously loyal following, leading the parent company to reinstate the green bags in short order. Every year at Christmas Marshall Field's Downtown Store Windows are filled with animated displays as part of the downtown shopping district display. The State Street flagship was renovated in 2003 to great fanfare, with the store opening 10% of its floor space to outside vendors in a manner similar to Selfridge's in London, a store founded by a former Field's executive whose building was based on the architecture of the Marshall Field's store. It is the second largest department store in the United States. Only Macy's in New York is larger. EXPANSION IN THE 1990S In the 1910s and 1920s Marshall Field & Company built branches in three suburban downtowns: in suburban Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1959, Oakbrook Center in Oak Brook, Illinois in 1962, and River Oaks Center in Calumet City, Illinois in 1966. The 1970s saw stores added in Woodfield Center in Schaumburg, Hawthorn Center in Vernon Hills, CherryVale Mall in Rockford, Fox Valley Center in Aurora, Water Tower Place in Chicago, Orland Square in Orland Park and Louis Joliet Mall in Joliet. The early 1980s was a slower growth period for Chicago area stores, with just two locations added, one in October 1980 at Spring Hill Mall in West Dundee and in 1981 at Stratford Square Mall in Bloomingdale. But the 1980s did see further expansion into Texas with stores opened at in suburban Milwaukee, Hilldale Shopping Center in Madison and in downtown Appleton. The 1990s saw stores opened at Columbus City Center in Ohio and The Mall at Tuttle Crossing in suburban Dublin, Ohio and the newest Chicagoland store in Northbrook Court. The Evanston and Oak Park stores were closed in 1986, the Northridge and Southridge stores were sold after less than three years of operation in 1989, the Appleton store was closed in 1991, the Park Forest store in 1996, and the downtown Milwaukee store (incorporated into The Grand Avenue shopping Center) was closed in 1997. The 4 Texas stores were sold in 1997 and the Columbus, Ohio stores in 2003. In 1929 , Marshall Field & Co. purchased Frederick & Nelson , a Seattle-based retailer, which brought along the famous Frango s chocolate brand. Along with Frederick's, Field's eventually also owned The Crescent in Spokane, Washington and Halle Brothers in Cleveland, Ohio . In 1980 it acquired J.B. Ivey Co. , a department store chain with roots in Charlotte, North Carolina and Jacksonville, Florida. In the early 1980s Field's began to open stores in the Texas market but this initiative faltered with the collapse of oil prices and a stalling Texas economy. In 1981, soon after acquiring The Union Co. in Columbus, Ohio and merging it into Halle's, it sold the enlarged Halle Brothers unit to the Schottenstein family of Columbus, Ohio, which shuttered the operations the following year. .]] In 1982 ownership of Field's and its subsidiaries passed to BATUS Retail Group, the American retailing arm of B.A.T. British-American Tobacco . BATUS held a number of well-known stores, among them Gimbels , Saks Fifth Avenue and Kohls , but badly hurt in the volatile economy of the 1980s, retrenched its retail operations in 1986, selling Field's former subsidaries Frederick & Nelson and The Crescent to a Washington state investor group which almost immediately ran into difficulties leading to the extinction of that chain by 1992 (the former flagship was renovated and reopened by Nordstrom as a replacement for their own Seattle parent store in 1998). When BATUS Retail closed its mid-range Gimbels chain in 1986, five former Gimbels stores in Wisconsin were purchased by corporate sibling Marshall Field's but by 1989 Field's had sold the former Gimbels Northridge and Southridge locations in Milwaukee to H.C. Prange Co. of Sheyboygan after poor performance under the higher-end Field's division. In 1991 they closed the former Gimbels in downtown Appleton, Wisconsin when its then sister division Dayton's opened a mall-based store there. Finally in 1997 Field's shuttered the former Gimbels flagship in Milwaukee after negotiations to rehabilitate it collapsed. Only the former Gimbels store at Hilldale Shopping Center in Madison, Wisconsin remains from the 1986 Gimbels acquisition. BATUS initially retained Saks Fifth Avenue, Marshall Field's and Ivey's, but subsequently sold all of its remaining U.S. retail endeavors in 1990 with Saks being acquired by Bahrain-based Investcorp, Ivey's being sold to and absorbed into Dillard Department Stores and Marshall Field's being sold to Dayton Hudson Corporation. POST-1990 HISTORY In 1990 Marshall Field's was purchased by the Dayton Hudson Corporation (later renamed Target Corporation ) which merged the stores operations with Dayton's stores and the Hudson's stores under the Dayton Hudson Department Store Company. Although each divisions retained its own name in their respective markets, operations were shared and all were headquartered in Minneapolis. In 1997 Marshall Field's pulled out of the Texas market selling its four locations at Houston Galleria, Houston Town & Country Mall, Dallas Galleria and San Antonio 's North Star Mall . The Houston and Dallas stores were sold to Saks Fifth Avenue and the San Antonio location to Macy's . The Dallas Galleria store had just been extensively remodeled and eventually changed hands again to become a Nordstrom store. All locations were renovated and reopened under the nameplate of their new owners, although Saks closed the Houston Town & Country Mall location less than a year after opening it. In 2001 Dayton's and Hudson's stores were renamed Marshall Field's, an event that was received with mixed emotion in Dayton's hometown of Minneapolis and Hudson's hometown of Detroit. In 2003 Marshall Field's sold its two Columbus, Ohio, locations to May Department Stores Company, which reopened them as Kaufmann's . In 2004 the Marshall Field division (with property from nine shuttered Minneapolis-area locations from another unit of Target, Mervyn's ) was sold to the May Department Stores Company . The then 62 Marshall Fields stores went for US$3.25 billion, a price that financial analysts considered high. Prior to its acquisition by May Department Stores Co., Marshall Field's had about 25,000 employees in 62 stores. It operated in the states of Illinois , Indiana , Michigan , Minnesota , North Dakota , Ohio , South Dakota , and Wisconsin . May Company divested stores at Kirkwood Mall in Bismarck, North Dakota and Glenbrook Square in Fort Wayne, Indiana . Federated Department Stores acquired May Department Stores in 2005 and as a part of a national branding strategy has announced it will retire the name ''Marshall Field's'' on the weekend of in Chicago reported particularly strong sales at the chain's State Street flagship. Due to the strong holiday sales in the division, as well as the strong negative reaction to the name change, Federated examined the possibility of retaining some active use of the Field's name, including retaining the Marshall Field name on the Flagship, State Street store. {Link without Title} On April 27 , 2006 , Macy's announced that the Marshall Field name would not be retained on the State Street store {Link without Title} , instead rebranding it as Macy's at State Street, a highly specialized divisional flagship store with many features unique to this single location, including celebration of the Marshall Field's legacy. Among these attractions, Federated announced that limited demonstration production of Frango Mints would resume at the State Street store. The supermajority of the production would remain in non-unionized facilities outside of Illinois. LOCATIONS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2005 Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin
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