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The madrigal was the most important secular form of music of its time. It bloomed especially in the second half of the 16th Century , losing its importance by the third decade of the 17th Century , when it vanished through the rise of newer secular forms as the Opera and merged with the Cantata and the Dialogue . Its rise started with the ''Primo libro di Madrigali'' of ). Late madrigalists were particularly ingenious with so-called "madrigalisms" — passages in which the music assigned to a particular word expresses its meaning, for example, setting ''riso'' (smile) to a passage of quick, running notes which imitate laughter, or ''sospiro'' (sigh) to a note which falls to the note below. This technique is also known as " Word-painting " and can be found not only in madrigals but in other vocal music of the period. The most important of the late madrigalists are certainly Luca Marenzio , Carlo Gesualdo , and Claudio Monteverdi , who integrated in 1605 the Basso Continuo into the form and later composed the book ''Madrigali guerrieri et amorosi'' ( 1638 ) (Madrigals of War and Love), which is, however, an example of the early Baroque madrigal; some of the compositions in this book bear little relation to the ''a cappella'' madrigals of the previous century. Composers of early madrigals The classic madrigal composers
The late madrigalists Composers of Baroque "concerted" madrigals (with instruments)
English madrigal school
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