| Louis-emile Bertin |
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'', flagship of the Japanese Navy up to the Sino-Japanese conflict.]] Louis-Emile Bertin was a French Navy engineer, one of the foremost of his time, and a proponent of the " Jeune Ecole " of light, powerful warships. He was born in Nancy, France in 1840. From 1886 , Emile Bertin was dispatched to Japan for 4 years, where he help build up the Imperial Japanese Navy , making a decisive contribution to the Japanese success in the 1894 Sino-Japanese War . He also directed the construction of the arsenals of Kure and Sasebo . Bertin developed the ''Sanseikan'' class of cruisers, 3 units featuring a single but powerful main gun, the 12.6 inch Canet gun. Altogether, Bertin supervised the building of more than twenty units. They helped establish the first true modern naval force of Japan, and allowed Japan to achieve mastery in the building of large units, since some of the ships were imported, and some others were built domestically at the arsenal of Yokosuka :
Following the Japanese victory at the Battle Of The Yalu , September 17th 1894, Admiral Yuko Ito (1843-1914), who had been onboard the flagship ''Matsushima'' wrote to Bertin: :"The ships fullfilled all our hopes. They were the formidable elements of our fleet; because of their powerful armament and intelligent design, we were able to win a brilliant victory against the Chinese armoured ships". (Yuko Ito"La Marine moderne d'Emile Bertin", p167-170) Emile Bertin received from the Meiji Emperor the Order Of The Rising Sun , second class, end of 1890. During the ceremony, the Navy minister Tsugumichi Saigo (1843-1902) declared: :"Not only did Bertin establish the plans for the construction of costal ships and first-class cruisers, he also made suggestions for the organization of the fleet, the defense of our coasts, the construction of high-caliber guns, the usage of materials such as steel or coal.; during the four years he has been in Japan, he never stopped working for the technical improvement of the Navy, and the results of his efforts are remarquable" (Tokyo, January 23, 1890"France-Japon Eco, No97, p82) Upon his return to France, he was promoted to Director of the School of Naval Engineering (Ecole du Génie Maritime). In 1895 he became the Director of Naval Construction (Directeur des Construction Navales). Emile Bertin invented the twin-oscillographer (to study roll and pitch). He also wrote several books:
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