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CLASSICAL MECHANICS '' Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica ''
Description: The '''''Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica''''' ( published on July 5 , 1687 . Probably the most influential scientific book ever published, it contains the statement of Newton's Laws Of Motion forming the foundation of Classical Mechanics as well as his Law Of Universal Gravitation . He derives Kepler's Laws for the motion of the Planets (which were first obtained empirically). In formulating his physical theories, Newton had developed a field of mathematics known as Calculus . Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY ''On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies''
Description: Special relativity, developed in 1905 , only considers observers in Inertial Reference Frame s which are in uniform motion with respect to each other. Einstein's paper that year was called "''On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies''". While developing this theory, Einstein wrote to Mileva (his wife) about "our work on relative motion". This paper introduced the special theory of relativity, a theory of time, distance, mass and energy. The theory postulates that the Speed Of Light in vacuum will be the same for these observers. Special relativity solved the puzzle that had been apparent since the Michelson-Morley Experiment , which had failed to show that light waves were travelling through any Medium (other known waves travelled through media - such as water or air). It had been suggested that light waves actually did not travel through any medium: the speed of light was thus fixed, and not relative to the movement of the observer. This was impossible under Newtonian classical mechanics however, and Einstein provided a new system which allowed for this. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY ''The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity'' Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence QUANTUM THEORY ''On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum''
Description: In Physics , the intensity spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation from a Black Body at temperature ''T'' is given by the '''Planck's law of black body radiation''': : where: :ν is the frequency I h c k Max Planck originally produced this law in 1900 (published in 1901 ) in an attempt to interpolate between the Rayleigh-Jeans Law (which worked at long Wavelength s) and Wien's Law (which worked at short wavelengths). He found that the above function fit the data for all wavelengths remarkably well. This paper is considered to be the beginning of Quantum Theory . Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence THERMODYNAMICS ''An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction'' |
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