Fruits of Temperate climates are almost universally borne on Tree s or Woody Shrub s or Liana s. They will not grow adequately in the Tropics , as they need a period of cold (a ) each year before they will flower. The Apple , Pear , Cherry , and Plum are the most widely grown and eaten, owing to their adaptability. Many other fruits are important regionally but do not figure prominently in commerce. Many sorts of small fruit on this list are gathered from the wild, just as they were in Neolithic times.
The Family Rosaceae dominates the temperate fruits, both in numbers and in importance. The pome fruits, stone fruits and brambles are fruits of plants in Rosaceae.
The Pome fruits:
The stone fruits, Drupe s of Genus '' Prunus '':
- Apricot (''Prunus armeniaca'' or ''Armeniaca vulgaris'')
- Cherry , sweet, sour, and wild species (''Prunus avium'', ''P. cerasus'', and others)
- Plum , of which there are several domestic and wild species; dried plums are called
- Peach (of the normal and white variety) and its variant the Nectarine (''Prunus persica'')
- Chokecherry (''Prunus virginiana'')
- Hybrids of the preceding species, such as the Pluot , Aprium and Peacotum
In non-technical usage, means any small fruit that can be eaten whole and lacks objectionable seeds. The '''bramble fruits''', Compound Fruit s of Genus '' Rubus '' (blackberries), are some of the most popular pseudo-berries:
The true berries are dominated by the Family Ericaceae , many of which are hardy in the Subarctic :
Other berries not in the Rosaceae or Ericaceae:
Some fruits native to Asia that were not common elsewhere until the 20th Century :
Some other fruits native to North America that are eaten in a small way:
Several Cacti yield edible fruits, which are important traditional foods for some Native American peoples:
Podocarps are conifers in the family Podocarpaceae . The seed Cones are highly modified and, in some, the seed is surrounded by fleshy scale tissue, resembling a drupe. These berry-like cone scales are eaten by birds which then disperse the seeds in their droppings and the cones can be eaten in many species. Podocarps are either half-hardy or frost tender, depending on species. Many genera are similar in that they have edible fruits and often don't have a common name.
Some exceptions to the statement that temperate fruits grow on woody perennials are:
The Accessory Fruit s, seed organs which are not botanically berries at all::
A few Vegetables are sometimes colloquially, but incorrectly, termed as " Fruit " in the kitchen:
Fruits in this category are not hardy to extreme cold, as the preceding temperate fruits are, yet tolerate some frost and may have a modest chilling requirement. Notable among these are natives of the Mediterranean :
In the important genus '' Citrus '' ( Rutaceae ), some members are tropical, tolerating no frost. All common species of commerce are somewhat hardy:
Other subtropical fruits:
Tropical fruit grow on plants of all Habitats . The only characteristic that they share is an intolerance of frost.
- Açaí (''Euterpe oleracea''; Arecaceae )
- African Cherry Orange (''Citropsis schweinfurthii''; Rutaceae )
- Akee (''Blighia sapida'' or ''Cupania sapida''; Sapindaceae )
- Amazon Grape (''Pourouma cecropiaefolia''; Moraceae )
- Atemoya
- Banana (''Musacea'' spp.; Musaceae ); its starchy variant is the Plantain ;
- Barbados Cherry (''Malpighia glabra L.''; Malpighiaceae ), also called Acerola , West Indian Cherry
- Breadfruit (''Artocarpus altilis''; Moraceae )
- Burmese Grape (''Baccaurea sapida''; Euphorbiaceae )
- Calabash (''Crescentia cujete''; Cucurbitaceae )
- CamuCamu (''Myrciaria dubia''; Myrtaceae )
- Carambola (''Averrhoa carambola''; Oxalidaceae ), also called Star Fruit
- Cashew -''Fruit" or ''Caju'' (''Anacardium occidentale'')
- Cempedak (''Artocarpus champeden''; Moraceae )
- Cherimoya (''Annona cherimola''; Annonaceae )
- Coconut (''Cocos'' spp.; Arecaceae )
- Custard Apple (''Annona reticulata''; Annonaceae ), also called ''Bullock's Heart''
- Damson Plum (''Chrysophyllum oliviforme''; Sapotaceae ), also called ''Satin Leaf''
- Date-plum (''Diospyros lotus'')
- Dragonfruit (''Hylocereus'' spp.; Cactaceae ), also called Pitaya
- Durian (''Durio spp.''; Bombacaceae )
- Eggfruit (''Pouteria campechiana''; Sapotaceae ), also called Canistel or Yellow Sapote
- Elephant Apple (''Dillenia indica''; Dilleniaceae )
- Guarana (''Paullinia cupana''; Sapindaceae )
- Guavaberry or Rumberry ; (''Myrciaria floribunda''; Myrtaceae )
- Horned Melon (''Cucumis metuliferus''; Cucurbitaceae )
- Indian Prune (''Flacourtia rukan''; Flacourtiaceae )
- Jackfruit (''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' Moraceae ), also called ''nangka''
- Jambul (''Syzygium cumini'')
- Jatobá (''Hymenae coubaril''; ; Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae )
- Jenipapo (''Genipa americana''; Rubiaceae )
- Keppel Fruit (''Stelechocarpus burakol''; Annonaceae )
- Kandis (''Garcinia forbesii''; Clusiaceae )
- Kundong (''Garcinia sp.''; Clusiaceae )
- Langsat (''Lansium domesticum''), also called Longkong or Duku
- Mabolo , (''Diospyros discolor''; Ebenaceae ) also known as a Velvet Persimmon
- Mamey Sapote (''Pouteria sapota''; Sapotaceae )
- Mamoncillo (''Melicoccus bijugatus''; Sapindaceae ), also known as Quenepa , Genip or Fijian Longan
- Mango (''Mangifera indica''; Anacardiaceae )
- Mangosteen (''Garcinia mangostana''; Clusiaceae )
- Marang (''Artocarpus odoratissima''; Moraceae ), a Breadfruit relative
- Monstera (''Monstera deliciosa''; Araceae ) also called Swiss Cheese Plant , Split-leaf Philodendron
- Naranjilla , Lulo (''Solanum quitoense''; Solanaceae )
- Papaya (''Carica papaya''; Caricaceae )
- Peanut Butter Fruit (''Bunchosia argentea''; Malpighiaceae )
- Pequi or Souari Nut (''Caryocar brasiliense''; Caryocaceae )
- Pineapple (''Ananas comosus'' or ''Ananas sativas''; Bromeliaceae )
- Pitomba ('' Eugenia Luschnathiana '' or '' Talisia Esculenta '')
- Pupunha or peach-palm (''Bactris gasipaes''; Palmae )
- Poha or Cape Gooseberry ('' Physalis Peruviana ''; Solanaceae )
- Poisonleaf (''Dichapetalum cymosum'') (?)
- Rambutan (''Nephelium lappaceum''; Sapindceae )
- Red Momblin (''Spondias purpurea''; Anacardiaceae )
- Riberry (''Syzygium luehmannii''; Myrtaceae ), also called Lilly Pilly , Lillipilli , Chinese Apple
- Rose Apple (''Eugenia/Syzygium aquem''; Myrtaceae ), also called Malay Apple
- Salak (''Salacca edulis''), also called Snakefruit
- Sapodilla (''Achras/Manilkara zapota''; Sapotaceae ), also called Chiku , Mespel , Naseberry , Sapadilla , Snake Fruit , Sawo
- Soursop (''Annona muricata''; Annonaceae ), also called Guanabana
- Star Apple (''Chrysophyllum cainito''), also called Caimito
- Sugar Apple (''Annona squamosa''; Annonaceae )
- Surinam Cherry (''Eugenia uniflora''; Myrtaceae ) also called Brazilian Cherry , Cayenne Cherry , Pitanga
- Tamarind (''Tamarindus indica''; Caesalpiniaceae )
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