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Various phases of KE can be listed as:
  • Assessment of the problem

  • Acquisition of data and knowledge

  • Development of a prototype system

  • Development of a complete system

  • Revision and evaluation of the system

  • Integration and maintenance of the system


Being still more art than engineering, KE is not as neat as the above list in practice. The phases overlap, the process might be iterative, and many challenges could appear.

Knowledge Engineering Principles

Since the mid-1980s, knowledge engineers have developed a number of principles, methods and tools that have considerably improved the process of knowledge acquisition. Some of the key principles are summarized as follows:

  • Knowledge engineers acknowledge that there are different types of knowledge, and that the right approach and technique should be used for the knowledge required.

  • Knowledge engineers acknowledge that there are different types of experts and expertise, such that methods should be chosen appropriately.

  • Knowledge engineers recognize that there are different ways of representing knowledge, which can aid the acquisition, validation and re-use of knowledge.

  • Knowledge engineers recognize that there are different ways of using knowledge, so that the acquisition process can be guided by the project aims.

  • Knowledge engineers use structured methods to increase the efficiency of the acquisition process.




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