| Kingdom Of Gumma |
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This former kingdom was mostly located on a plateau with an average elevation of 6500 feet, and had a population estimated in 1880 of about 50,000. Its inhabitants had a reputation as warriors. 1 HISTORY The latest kings of Gumma traced their origin to a man called Adam , who around 1770 came to live in the area, and was involved in the deposition of the last king of the previous dynasty, Sarborada. King Jawe was converted to Islam by merchants from Shewa and Begemder , and in turn he imposed his religious faith upon his subjects. 2 In 1882 , King Abba Jubir of Gumma convinced the kings of Ennerea, Gomma and Jimma to form a confederacy known as the "Muslim League", to counter the threat from some of the Macha Oromo, who in turn formed their own alliance, the "League of the Four Oromo". At first the Muslim League had little success against this threat, for the other members did not support Abba Jubir against the Macha, until his elder brother Abba Digir was captured, when the people of Ennerea came to their help. However, even with this help Abba Jubir had no more success and was forced to negotiate an armistice with the Macha in return for his brother. Abba Jubir then went to war against Jimma, and sacked its capital, despite Gomma and Limmu-Enerea coming to the aid of Jimma. Despite the failure of the Muslim League, Gumma remained a stronghold of Islam , and provided asylum to men exiled from the other Gibe kingdoms. 3 It was conquered by Emperor Menelik II in 1885 , but Firisa son of the last king returned to his father's lands in 1899 and declared a Jihad against the conquerors. Firisa was eventually captured in 1901 , then executed in Jimma soon afterwards. 4 SEE ALSO NOTES # C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, ''Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646'' (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxix # J. Spencer Trimingham, ''Islam in Ethiopia'' (Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege for the University Press, 1952), p. 202 # Beckingham and Huntingford, ''Some Records'', pp. lxxxvii # Trimingham, ''Islam'', p. 202 |
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