| Japanese Administration In The South Pacific Mandate |
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since the 1880s. She seized the German possessions in the Marianas , Carolines , and Marshalls at the outset of World War I in 1914. A League Of Nations Mandate in 1920 confirmed Japan in control of most of Micronesia, excepting only the U.S. territories of Guam and Wake Island , and the British colonies of the Gilberts , Nauru , and Ocean Island . The Marshalls were seized by the Japanese in 1914 and, in 1920, along with other islands in the region, the Marshall Islands became a League Of Nations Mandate administered by Japan. Nonetheless, Japan sought to incorporate the islands into its empire and Tokyo developed the Marshall Islands and the rest of its mandate in Micronesia as though it exercised full sovereignty. Japan mounted an aggressive Economic development program and promoted immigration. Japanese , Okinawan and Korean immigrants eventually came to outnumber islanders by as much as two to one. In 1914, August 23 Japan declared war on Germany and a Japanese Navy Expeditionary Squadron occupied Saipan without resistance; other islands of German Micronesia were also occupied during October 1914. Japan promulgated ordinances for the South Seas Naval Temporary Defense Corps . Japanese government transferred military rule of the South Pacific Mandate from the Navy Expeditionary Squadron to the Provisional Naval Garrison ; Saipan is made one of six administrative districts reporting to headquarters in Truk . Later government was established as a Civil Administration Department under the Naval Garrison commander in each of the six administrative districts in the archipeligos. The Supreme Council of Allied Powers in WW1 agreed to give Japan a League Of Nations mandate over the South Pacific Mandate. Japan is assigned League of Nations Class C mandate to govern the Northern Mariana Islands (and the Caroline and Marshall Islands) Later the Japanese government transfers headquarters of the Civil Administration Department in the South Pacific Mandate from Truk to Koror , Palau. In signing the treaty between the United States and Japan (the Ishii - Lansing Agreement): the United States recognized Japan's mandate in the South Pacific Mandate; Japan granted the United States certain cable landing rights in Yap It established a civilian South Seas Government , headquartered in Koror , Palau ; the governor of the South Pacific Mandate reports directly to Japan's prime minister. Later it establishes the Ministry Of Colonial Affairs , to which governor of the South Pacific Mandate now reports. Aviator Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappear while flying over the Pacific . Japanese Navy armed forces, based on Saipan and Rota in the Northern Mariana Islands, attack and occupy Guam ; Japan places the Mariana Islands under martial law. Japanese government transfers administration of South Pacific Mandate from the Ministry of Colonial Affairs to the Ministry Of Greater East Asian Affairs and reorganizes the primacy of Japanese Navy in the South Seas Government, reducing the six administrative districts to three:
The Admiral Boshiro Hosogaya , former commander in chief of the China Fleet and participant in Alaskan diversionary operation (during the Battle Of Midway ), is appointed Governor-General . Until the late 1930s the [South Pacific Mandate islands primarily served the Japanese civilian Economy . By 1936 a thriving Fishing industry had developed as well as a Sugar industry, but toward the end of the decade the emphasis shifted and a Military build up commenced. Airfields, harbors, ammunition depots, gun emplacements, barracks, and fuel storage facilities were constructed. By December 1941, the Japanese Navy had completed their preparations for offensive air and naval operations. The South Pacific Mandate was to be a major staging area:
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