| Japanese-german Pre-wwii Industrial Co-operation |
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LURGI GROUP PLANTS Nippon Lurgi Goshi KK was a Japanese company of the period involved in Japanese-German cooperation. The Lurgi AG German industrial group was a partner, and it was the Lurgi office in Tokyo. The Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-committee of the United States and United Kingdom later investigated it. At the beginning of 1942 the Japanese acquired all the with a content of paraffin tar (about 15%), and low water content, was suitable for Hydrogenation . Mitsui Kosan KK Miiki (Ohmura) operated from about 1939. Lurgi AG installed an Activated Carbon plant to operate with the Fischer-Tropsch Plant . Coke and Water Gas were produced, the coke ovens being built by Koppers . The shale plant at Fushun (or Japanese Bujum ), Manchuria was perhaps capable of annual production of 200,000 tons of Shale Oil . The Imperial Japanese Navy also had an interest there in producing some Diesel Oil and Gasoline , in low amounts. The Manshu Gosei Nenryo plant of Chinchow ( Kinshu ), known also as Fushin ( Fusin or Japanese Bujim ) was a Fischer-Tropsch Plant producing about 30,000 tons per year, online from about 1940. Near Beijing , in Hopei , the Kalgari Factory was to develop the local Bituminous Coal available at Kalgari. It could be used also for the Mengchiang coal of the Chahar-Suiyuan mines. A planned gasification plant at Rumoe in Hokkaido was apparently not built. Chosen Sekitan KK, at Eian was a small low temperature carbonization plant which was processed about 600 tons of coal per day. This plant yielded from 15,000 to 20,000 tons per annum of Coal Tar . WITH KOPPERS Ube Yuka Kogya KK (no.2), at Ube was a low temperature carbonization plant, with a Synthetic Ammonia plant. This was a collaboration with Heinrich Koppers AG of Essen . JAPANESE-GERMAN MILITARY TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATION It is known that Japan and Germany signed agreements on military technological collaboration, both before the 1939 outbreak of World War II , and during the conflict. The first air technology interchange occurred in 1915 when Germany sent one example of Rumpler Taube (Jap design of Isobe Kaizo Rumpler Taube), continuing with L.V.G. D.IX (jap design Seishiki-1), in 1916, Hansa-Brandenburg W 33 (jap design Yokosho Navy Type Hansa) in 1922 and Hansa-Brandenburg Floatplane (Jap design Aichi Type 15-ko "Mi-go") in 1925. For example the Japanese Navy sent a reconnaissance Seaplane Nakajima E4N2 to Germany, and some sources mention the probable dispatch of a Mitsubishi Ki-46 "Dinah" too, amongst other weapons. On the other hand, the German Focke Wulf company sent a Focke Wulf Fw-190 A-5, and was contracted to make a Focke Wulf Fw 200 V-10(S-1) (Japanese design Tachikawa Ki-74 "Patsy")or sending of Focke-Wulf Ta 152 design. The Heinkel company sent examples of the Heinkel He 50 A (designated in Japan Aichi D1A1, Allied codename "Susie", manufactured by Aichi ), Heinkel He 70 "Blitz", Heinkel He 112 (V12,12 B-0, Japanese design A7He1), Heinkel He 100 D-1 (in Japan designated AXHe1), Heinkel He 116 (V5/6), and Heinkel He 118 (Japan designation Yokosuka D4Y1 Suisei "Judy"), Heinkel He 119 V7 and V8, Heinkel HD 25 , Heinkel HD 62 , Heinkel HD 28 , Heinkel HD 23 , Heinkel He 162 "Volksjager", Heinkel He 177 A-7 "Greiff" designs. The Bucker company sent its design Bucker Bu 131 "Jungmann" (in Japan designated Kokusai Ki-86/Kyushu K9W1). The Dornier Company sent its Dornier Do 15 Wal (in Japan made by Kawasaki ), Dornier Do N , Dornier Do C , and planes of Dornier Do 335 Pfeil (design known as Kyushu J7W1 "Shinden"). Fieseler sent its design for the Fieseler Fi-103 (V1)R "Reischemberg" (in Japan designated Kawanishi "Baika") and Fieseler Fi 156 Storch (Japanese design Kobeseiko Te-Go and Kokusai Ki-76 "Stella"). The Junkers company sent its Junkers K 37 (Jap design Mitsubishi Ki-1), Junkers G-38b K51 (Japanese design Mitsubishi Ki-20), Junkers Ju 88 A-1 (Kyushu Q1W1 "Tokai" Model 11 (Lorna)), Junkers Ju 52 , Junkers Ju 87 A, Junkers Ju 86 and made sales of its Junkers Ju 290 , Junkers Ju 390 and Junkers Ju 488 designs. The Messerschmitt Company sold designs of the Messerschmitt Me Bf 109 E-3/4 (Japanese design Kawasaki Ki-61-I "Hien"), Messerschmitt Me 110 , Messerschmitt Me 210 A-2 (Japanese design Rikugun Kokukosho Ki-93 Ground Attacker), Messerschmitt Me 163 A/B "Komet" (Japanese design Mitsubishi J8M1/ Ki-200 "Shusui" Rocket Intercepter) and Messerschmitt Me 262 A-1a (Japanese design Nakajima Ki-201 "Karyuu"/ Nakajima "Kikka"); and studied the possibility of the use of the Messerschmitt Me 264 - also sent the design of the Messerschmitt Me 509 , (Japanese design Yokosuka R2Y1 Keiun reconnaissance plane). The Arado Company sent an example of Arado Ar 196 A-4; Focke-Achgelis sent its design Focke-Achgelis Fa 330 Bachstelze, an observation plane for submarines, and other aircraft examples. Japanese Ambassador General Hiroshi Oshima in the name of Japanese Army bought one example of the Panzerkampfwagen PzKpfw VI Ausf E Tiger I Tank with additional advanced equipment, and the Navy received examples of the German Submarine Type IXD-2 Ausf "Monsun" and other submarines, such as the U-181 ( Type IXD-2 ) (Japanese sub I- 501), the U-862 ( Type IXD-2 ), (Japanese submarine I-502), Italian submarines " AQUILA III " (Japanese submarine I-503), and " AQUILA VI " (Japanese submarine I-504), U-219 ( Type XB ) (Japanese submarine I-505), the U-195 ( Type IXD-1 ) (Japanese submarine I-506), two Type IXC submarines (Japanese submarines RO-500 & RO-501), and Flagvierling 20 Mm antiaircraft cannons, with a disarmed V-2 , etc. On the other side, the Japanese Army Fighter Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien "Tony" used Mauser MG 151/20 of 20mm Cannons and sendings of Uranium 234 to Japanese nuclear processors for own atomic bomb projects. There are other cases of military technology interchange. The Ho-Ru Sp with 47mm AT Cannon resembled the German Hetzer SP vehicle combined with wheel guide pins like T-34 and Heavy Tank Destroyers Ho-Ri I and II, armed with 105 mm Cannon. They seem to have been influenced by German Jagd Heavy tanks Ferdinand , Elefant and Jagdtiger and Type 4 Medium Tank "Chi-To" armed with 75mm Cannon and Type 5 Medium Tank "Chi-Ri" armed with 75 or 88mm Cannon, influenced of Panther and Tiger German Tanks and Armored Carrier Type 1 Half-Track "Ho-Ha" are similar to the German Armored Carrier SdKFZ 251 /1 "HANOMAG". In 1935 a German technical mission arrived in Japan to sign some accords and licenses to use the " Akagi " Class Carrier (Type "A" (Graff Zeppelin) and "B" Carrier German technical designation) technology for construction by Deutsche Werke Kiel A.G. They also acquired the technical data for Carrier Based aircraft for adapted Messerschmitt Me 109 T/E and Junkers Ju 87 C/E, for use in such carriers. This technology was also adapted for use in the following aircrafts:
The Germans also considered the construction of others Carriers "Europa" and "Potsdam", but did not advance beyond paper plans. EXTERNAL LINKS |
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