''Intelligence'' as used here, when done properly, serves a function for organizations similar to that which Intelligence (trait) serves for individual humans and animals. Intelligence collection is often controversial and seen as a threat to Privacy . While usually associated with Warfare , intelligence can also be used to preserve Peace , or the illusion of peace.
See Also: List of intelligence agencies
Canada
Germany
India
Pakistan
Israel
Russia
United Kingdom
United States
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- Black, Ian. ''Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services'' (1992)
- Bungert, Heike et al eds. ''Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century'' (2003) essays by scholars
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- May, Ernest (ed.) ''Knowing One's Enemies: Intelligence Assessment before the Two World Wars'' (1984)
- Tuchman, Barbara W. ''The Zimmermann Telegram'' (1966)
- Babington-Smith, Constance. ''Air Spy: The Story of Photo Intelligence in World War II'' (1957)
- Hinsley, F. H. ''British Intelligence in the Second World War'' (1996) abridged version of multivolume official history.
- Jones, R. V. ''The Wizard War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939-1945'' (1978)
- Kahn, David. ''Hitler's Spies: German Military Intelligence in World War II'' (1978)
- Kahn, David. ''Seizing the Enigma: The Race to Break the German U-Boat Codes, 1939-1943'' (1991)
- Lewin, Ronald. ''The American Magic: Codes, Ciphers and the Defeat of Japan'' (1982)
- May, Ernest (ed.) ''Knowing One's Enemies: Intelligence Assessment before the Two World Wars'' (1984)
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- Stanley, Roy M. ''World War II Photo Intelligence'' (1981)
- Wark, Wesley. ''The Ultimate Enemy: British Intelligence and Nazi Germany, 1933-1939'' (1985)
- Wark, Wesley K."Cryptographic Innocence: The Origins of Signals Intelligence in Canada in the Second World War", ''Journal of Contemporary History'' 22 (1987)
- Aldrich, Richard J. ''The Hidden Hand: Britain, America and Cold War Secret Intelligence'' (2002).
- Ambrose, Stephen E. ''Ike's Spies: Eisenhower and the Intelligence Establishment'' (1981).
- Andrew, Christopher and Vasili Mitrokhin. ''The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB'' (1999)
- Andrew, Christopher, and Oleg Gordievsky. ''KGB: The Inside Story of Its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev'' (1990).
- Bogle, Lori, ed. ''Cold War Espionage and Spying'' (2001), essays by scholars
- Dorril, Stephen. ''MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service'' (2000).
- Dziak, John J. ''Chekisty: A History of the KGB'' (1988)
- Koehler, John O. ''Stasi: The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police'' (1999)
- Persico, Joseph. ''Casey: The Lives and Secrets of William J. Casey-From the OSS to the CIA'' (1991)
- Prados, John. ''Presidents' Secret Wars: CIA and Pentagon Covert Operations Since World War II'' (1996)
- Rositzke, Harry. ''The CIA's Secret Operations: Espionage, Counterespionage, and Covert Action'' (1988)
- Trahair, Richard C. S. ''Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies and Secret Operations'' (2004) , by an Australian scholar; contains excellent historiographical introduction
- Weinstein, Allen, and Alexander Vassiliev. ''The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America—The Stalin Era'' (1999).
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