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This article is about integral thought in Philosophy and Psychology . It is unrelated to the concept of an Integral in Calculus . Integral thought is comprised of those philosophies and teachings that seek a comprehensive understanding of humans and the universe by combining Scientific and Spiritual insights. According to the Integral Transformative Practice website, ''integral'' means "dealing with the Body , Mind , Heart , and Soul ." Integral thought is seen by proponents as going beyond Rationalism and Materialism . It attempts to introduce a more universal and Holistic perspective or approach. Proponents view rationalism as subordinating, ignoring, and/or denying spirituality. Ken Wilber , one of the most prominent contemporary integral thinkers, begins by acknowledging and validating Mystical experience, rather than denying its reality. As these experiences have occurred to humans in all cultures in all eras, integral theorists accept them as valuable and not Pathological . Integral thinkers like Sri Aurobindo , Teilhard De Chardin , Wilber and others argue that both science ''and'' mysticism (or Spirituality ) are necessary for complete understanding of humans and the Universe . PROBLEM OF DEFINITION Integral thought is a new and developing movement. Consequently, no list of integral thinkers or artists will be uncontroversial. SRI AUROBINDO Sri Aurobindo was a visionary yogi rather than a systematiser, and although he referred to "integral" only in the context of Spiritual Transformation , his writings influenced others who used the term "integral" in more philosophical or psychological contexts. Origin of the term "Integral" The word "integral" was originally used by the , Involution , the Physical Plane , the Vital Plane , the Mental Plane , the Psychic Plane , Integral Yoga , the Triple Transformation , and the Supramental Principle . His co-worker The Mother founded Auroville , an international community dedicated to human unity, and based on their teachings. Integral thought - the Aurobindonian heritage The following authors (listed in chronological order) trace their intellectual heritage back to, or have in some measure been influenced by, Aurobindo.
KEN WILBER The American philosopher and Buddhist Ken Wilber popularised Integral thought or integral thinking in the current sense, to develop an all-encompassing, Evolutionary , theory that incorporates and honours all perspectives, while at the same time presenting a larger picture. Wilber built upon the ideas of previous integral thinkers like Sri Aurobindo and Jean Gebser in developing his own highly complex Integral Theory .
Integral thought - the Wilberian tradition The following authors (listed in chronological order) are or have in the past been influenced by Wilber, but not by Aurobindo (except secondarily through Wilber's presentation of him).
Integral artists Integral art can be defined as art that reaches across multiple quadrants and levels, or simply as art that was created by someone who thinks or acts in an integral way. All of these artists either are or have in the past been influenced by Wilber.
INTEGRAL THOUGHT - SRI AUROBINDO ''AND'' KEN WILBER The following authors (listed in chronological order) have been influenced by or created a synthesis of the teachings of both Aurobindo and Wilber (and usually also other thinkers as well):
OTHER THINKERS Many writers and artists who did not use the word "integral" to refer to their theories nonetheless are considered by theorists to act, think or theorize in an integral way. These include contemporary thinkers like Jurgen Habermas and Rupert Sheldrake , and historical figures like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Gandhi . The following writers contributed essential ideas to integral thought:
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QUOTATIONS
:Therefore, also, an integral liberation. Not only the freedom born of unbroken contact of the individual being in all its parts with the Divine, ''sayujyamukti'', by which it becomes free even in its separation, even in the duality; not only the ''salokyalmukti'' by which the whole conscious existence dwells in the same status of being as the Divine, in the state of Sachchidananda; but also the acquisition of the divine nature by the transformation of this lower being into the human image of the divine, ''sadharmyamukti'', and the complete and final release of all, the liberation of the consciousness from the transitory mould of the ego and its unification with the One Being, universal both in the world and the individual and transcendentally one both in the world and beyond all universe." ::Sri Aurobindo, '' The Synthesis Of Yoga '', pp.47-48
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