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HISTORY

. This Analog system used an Accelerometer to judge location, as the GPS system was not yet generally available.

.


VISUALIZATION

Navigation systems use a combination of:
  • top view for the map

  • top view for the map with the map rotating like the automobile

  • Bird's-eye View for the map or the next curve

  • linear gauge for distance, which is kind of redundant, if a rotating map is used

  • numbers for distance



ROAD DATABASE


Contents

The road database is a Vector Map of some area of interest. Street names or numbers and house numbers are encoded as Geographic Coordinate s so that the user can find some desired destination by street address. Points Of Interest will also be stored with their geographic coordinates.

Contents can be produced by the user base as their cars drive along existing streets and communicating via the internet, yielding a free and up to date map.


Format

Formats are uniformly proprietary; there is no industry standard for satellite navigation maps.
The map vendors Tele Atlas and NAVTEQ create the base map in a standard format GDF but each electronics manufacturer compiles it in an optimised format.


Media

The road database may be stored in Solid State Read-only Memory (ROM) , optical media ( CD or DVD ), solid state Flash Memory , magnetic media ( Hard Disk ), or a combination. A common scheme is to have a Base Map permanently stored in ROM which can be augmented with detailed information for a region the user is interested in. A ROM is always programmed at the factory; the other media may be preprogrammed, or Download ed from a CD or DVD via a Computer .


OTHER FUNCTIONS

  • Many systems can give information on nearby services such as Restaurants , Cash Machine s and Gas Station s.

  • Some newer systems can not only give precise driving directions, they can also receive and display information on Traffic Congestion and suggest alternate routes. This may use either TMC , which delivers coded traffic information using RDS or Satellite Radio , or an Internet link to a provider's server using technology such as GPRS through the user's Mobile Phone .

  • The color LCD screens on some automotive navigation systems can also be used to display Television broadcasts or DVD Movie s.

  • A few systems integrate with Mobile Phone s for handsfree talking and SMS Messaging .

  • Some Radio-dispatched taxicab companies are switching to "GPS dispatch" in favor of radio-dispatching. Implemented in Singapore and Taiwan, the central dispatch knows the whereabouts of every taxicab in the network. Passengers call the central dispatch line and tell the operator the address where the cab is needed. From there, the computer finds the cab within the closest proximity and relays the information by GPRS to the driver's on-board computer. The driver acknowledges the request with an estimated arrival time. The caller receives the ETA and cab number by a prerecorded voice, and then decides to accept or reject the dispatch.



EXAMPLE SYSTEMS



SEE ALSO