| Ibn Hazam |
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LIFE Ibn Hazam was born Abu Muhammad Ali Ibn Ahmad Ibn Hazam in Cordoba, Spain . Ibn Hazam developed a simpler piety, which relied solely on ''ahadith'', and jettisoned complex Fiqh and Metaphysical Philosophy . He had many antagonists because of his uncompromising convictions and it was commonly said, at that time, that his tongue was a twin brother to the sword of Al-Hajjaj . In 1031 , when the Caliphate was abolished during the reign of Hisham III , Ibn Hazam supported boldly the Ummayyad claimants to the throne, and for which he was imprisoned. But he continued to express his convictions through literary activity. Ibn Hazam wrote about 400 works on history, ethics, logic, theology and jurisprudence, but only about 40 are still extant. He was one of the leading exponents of the Zahiri school of ''fiqh'' (Jurisprudence), which was founded by Abu Sulayman Daud Al-Zahiri in the 9th century and relied on the literal (''Zahir'')Zahir - Apparent, external, manifest. In esoteric interpretations of Islam, it is contrasted with the inner or hidden (''batin'') aspects of reality. meaning of the Quran , Hadith , and consensus of Companions ( Sahaba ) as the only acceptable sources of authority. LITERARY WORKS
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