is the presence of elevated levels of
Lipoprotein in the
Blood .
Lipid s (fatty molecules) are transported in a
Protein capsule, and the density of the lipids and type of protein determines the fate of the particle and its influence on
Metabolism .
Although the terms hyperlipoproteinemia and
Hypercholesterolemia are often used interchangeably, the former is more specific. The term "hyperchylomicronemia" is used for an excess of
Chylomicrons .
Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the
Fredrickson/WHO Classification (Fredrickson ''et al'' 1967), which is based on the pattern of lipoproteins on
Electrophoresis or
Ultracentrifugation .
This very rare form (also known as "Buerger-Gruetz syndrome", "Primary hyperlipoproteinaemia", or "familial hyperchylomicronemia") is due to a deficiency of lipoprotein lipase or altered apolipoprotein C-II, resulting in elevated
Chylomicron s, the particles that transfer fatty acids from the
Digestive Tract to the
Liver .
is
Hyperlipidemia (
Hypercholesterolemia ) in the Fredrickson classification, which is determined by
Lipoprotein Electrophoresis .
Hyperlipoproteinemia type II is further classified into:
This form is due to high
Chylomicron s and IDL (intermediate density lipoprotein).
This form is due to high
Triglyceride s. It is also known as "hyperglyceridemia" (or "pure hyperglyceridemia").
This type is very similar to Type I, but with high
VLDL .
Non-classified forms are extremely rare:
- Hypo-alpha lipoproteinemia
- Hypo-beta lipoproteinemia
- Fredrickson DS, Levy RI, Lees RS. ''Fat transport in lipoproteins: an integrated approach to mechanisms and disorders''. N Engl J Med 1967;276:148-156. PMID 5334266.
