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International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Codes
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B20-B24
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-
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(commonly known as '''HIV''', and formerly known as '''HTLV-III''' and '''lymphadenopathy-associated virus''') is a Retrovirus that primarily infects vital components of the Human Immune System such as CD4+ T Cells , Macrophages and Dendritic Cells . It also directly and indirectly destroys CD4+ T cells. As CD4+ T cells are required for the proper functioning of the immune system, when enough CD4+ T cells have been destroyed by HIV, the immune system functions poorly, leading to the syndrome known as AIDS . HIV also directly attacks Organs , such as the Kidney s, the Heart and the Brain leading to Acute Renal Failure , Cardiomyopathy , Dementia and Encephalopathy . Many of the problems faced by people infected with HIV result from failure of the immune system to protect from Opportunistic Infection s and Cancer s.
HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a or Vaginal ) Sex ; Oral Sex ; Blood Transfusion ; contaminated needles; exchange between mother and infant during Pregnancy , Childbirth , or Breastfeeding ; or other exposure to one of the above bodily fluids.
AIDS is thought to have originated in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Twentieth Century
In 1983 , scientists led by Luc Montagnier at the Pasteur Institute in France first discovered the virus that causes AIDS.
HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus ,
Two species of HIV infect humans: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the more virulent and easily transmitted, and is the source of the majority of HIV infections throughout the world; HIV-2 is largely confined to west Africa.
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Curtis, T
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The origin of AIDS
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Rolling Stone year=1992 pages=54-59, 61, 106, 108 volume= issue=626 url=http://wwwuoweduau/arts/sts/bmartin/dissent/documents/AIDS/Curtis92html
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Hooper, E
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1999
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The River : A Journey to the Source of HIV and AIDS
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1st
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1-1070
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Little Brown & Co
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Boston, MA
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ISBN 0316372617
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"width: 100px"'''Exposure Route'''
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"width: 150px"'''Estimated infections per 10,000 exposures to an infected source'''
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Donegan, E, Stuart, M, Niland, J C, Sacks, H S, Azen, S P, Dietrich, S L, Faucett, C, Fletcher, M A, Kleinman, S H, Operskalski, E A, et al title=Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) among recipients of antibody-positive blood donations journal=Ann Intern Med year=1990 pages=733-739 volume=113 issue=10
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Coovadia, H title=Antiretroviral agents&mdashhow best to protect infants from HIV and save their mothers from AIDS journal=N Engl J Med year=2004 pages=289-292 volume=351 issue=3 id=
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Kaplan, E H and Heimer, R title=HIV incidence among New Haven needle exchange participants: updated estimates from syringe tracking and testing data journal=J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol year=1995 pages=175-176 volume=10 issue=2
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European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV title=Comparison of female to male and male to female transmission of HIV in 563 stable couples journal=BMJ year=1992 pages=809-813 volume=304 issue=6830 id=
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Varghese, B, Maher, J E, Peterman, T A, Branson, B M and Steketee, R W title=Reducing the risk of sexual HIV transmission: quantifying the per-act risk for HIV on the basis of choice of partner, sex act, and condom use journal=Sex Transm Dis year=2002 pages=38-43 volume=29 issue=1 id=
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Bell, D M title=Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in healthcare workers: an overview journal=Am J Med year=1997 pages=9-15 volume=102 issue=5B id=
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European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV title=Comparison of female to male and male to female transmission of HIV in 563 stable couples journal=BMJ year=1992 pages=809-813 volume=304 issue=6830 id=
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Varghese, B, Maher, J E, Peterman, T A, Branson, B M and Steketee, R W title=Reducing the risk of sexual HIV transmission: quantifying the per-act risk for HIV on the basis of choice of partner, sex act, and condom use journal=Sex Transm Dis year=2002 pages=38-43 volume=29 issue=1 id=
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Leynaert, B, Downs, A M and de Vincenzi, I title=Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: variability of infectivity throughout the course of infection European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV journal=Am J Epidemiol year=1998 pages=88-96 volume=148 issue=1 id=
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European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV title=Comparison of female to male and male to female transmission of HIV in 563 stable couples journal=BMJ year=1992 pages=809-813 volume=304 issue=6830 id=
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Varghese, B, Maher, J E, Peterman, T A, Branson, B M and Steketee, R W title=Reducing the risk of sexual HIV transmission: quantifying the per-act risk for HIV on the basis of choice of partner, sex act, and condom use journal=Sex Transm Dis year=2002 pages=38-43 volume=29 issue=1 id=
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European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV title=Comparison of female to male and male to female transmission of HIV in 563 stable couples journal=BMJ year=1992 pages=809-813 volume=304 issue=6830 id=
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Varghese, B, Maher, J E, Peterman, T A, Branson, B M and Steketee, R W title=Reducing the risk of sexual HIV transmission: quantifying the per-act risk for HIV on the basis of choice of partner, sex act, and condom use journal=Sex Transm Dis year=2002 pages=38-43 volume=29 issue=1 id=
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Varghese, B, Maher, J E, Peterman, T A, Branson, B M and Steketee, R W title=Reducing the risk of sexual HIV transmission: quantifying the per-act risk for HIV on the basis of choice of partner, sex act, and condom use journal=Sex Transm Dis year=2002 pages=38-43 volume=29 issue=1 id=
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Varghese, B, Maher, J E, Peterman, T A, Branson, B M and Steketee, R W title=Reducing the risk of sexual HIV transmission: quantifying the per-act risk for HIV on the basis of choice of partner, sex act, and condom use journal=Sex Transm Dis year=2002 pages=38-43 volume=29 issue=1 id=
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"#efefef"
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5 style="border-right:0px" <sup></sup> assuming no condom use </br> <sup>§</sup> Source refers to oral intercourse performed on a man
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Coovadia, H journal=N Engl J Med year=2004 pages=289-292 volume=351 issue=3 id=
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Coovadia, H journal=N Engl J Med year=2004 pages=289-292 volume=351 issue=3 id=
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right
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right
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right
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Duesberg, P H
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HIV is not the cause of AIDS
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Science year=1988 pages=514, 517 volume=241 issue=4865
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Papadopulos-Eleopulos, E, Turner, V F, Papadimitriou, J, Page, B, Causer, D, Alfonso, H, Mhlongo, S, Miller, T, Maniotis, A and Fiala, C
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A critique of the Montagnier evidence for the HIV/AIDS hypothesis
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Med Hypotheses year=2004 pages=597-601 volume=63 issue=4
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Cohen, J
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The Duesberg phenomenon
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Science year=1994 pages=1642-1644 volume=266 issue=5191
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http://wwwsciencemagorg/feature/data/cohen/266-5191-1642apdf
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