The is a field of History which examines how humanity's understanding of Science and Technology has changed over the Millennia . Without this understanding, development of new Technologies would have been improbable. This field of history also studies the Cultural , Economic , and Political impacts of scientific innovation.
The Historiography Of Science was originally written by practicing and retired scientists, starting primarily with William Whewell , as a way to communicate the perceived virtues of science to the public. In the early 1930s, after a famous paper given by the Soviet historian Boris Hessen , effort was focused into looking at the ways in which scientific practices were allied with the needs and motivations of their context. After World War II , extensive resources were put into teaching and researching the discipline, with the hopes that it would help the public better understand both science and technology and they came to play an exceedingly prominent role in the world eye. In the 1960s, especially in the wake of the work done by Thomas Kuhn , the discipline began to serve a very different function, and began to be used as a way to problematize scientific enterprise. At the present time it is often closely aligned with the field of Science Studies .
Modern Mathematical Science and Physical Engineering as it is understood today took form in the Scientific Revolution , but was built on the work of the Greek civilization, which in turn had learned from the civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia .
See the main articles History Of Science and History Of Technology for these respective topics.
- Brown University has a program in the History Of Mathematics . {Link without Title}
- Carleton University Ottawa offer courses in Ancient Science and Technology in its Technology, Society and Environment program
- Case Western Reserve University has an undergraduate interdisciplinary program in the History and Philosophy of Science and a graduate program in the History of Science, Technology, Environment, and Medicine (STEM) [http://www.case.edu/artsci/hsty/graduate.html#stem .
- Georgia Institute Of Technology has an undergraduate and graduate program in the History of Technology and Society. {Link without Title}
- Harvard has a large undergraduate and graduate program in History of Science, and is one of the largest departments currently in the world. {Link without Title}
- Indiana University offers undergraduate courses and a masters and PhD program in the History and Philosophy of Science. {Link without Title}
- Johns Hopkins University has an undergraduate and graduate program in the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology. {Link without Title}
- Lehigh University offers an undergraduate level STS concentration (founded in 1972) and a graduate program with emphasis on the history of industrial America. {Link without Title}
- Linköpings Universitet , Sweden, has a Science, Technology, and Society program which includes HST. {Link without Title}
- The London Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine - this Centre was formed in 1987 and runs a postgraduate programme which is jointly administered and taught by Imperial College London , University College London , and the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL. {Link without Title}
- MIT has a Science, Technology, and Society program which includes HST. {Link without Title}
- Princeton University has a program in the History of Science. {Link without Title}
- Stanford has a History and Philosophy of Science and Technology program. {Link without Title}
- Stevens Institute Of Technology has an undergraduate and graduate program in the History of Science.
- UC Berkeley offers a graduate degree in HST through its History program, and maintains a separate sub-department for the field. {Link without Title}
- UCLA has a relatively large group History of Science and Medicine faculty and graduate students within its History department, and also offers an undergraduate minor in the History of Science. {Link without Title}
- Centre for the History of Medicine which runs a postgraduate programme. {Link without Title}
- University Of Bristol has a masters and PhD program in the Philosophy and History of Science. {Link without Title}
- University Of Cambridge has an undergraduate course and a large masters and PhD program in the History and Philosophy of Science (including the History of Medicine). {Link without Title}
- University Of Durham , UK, has a 1st year History of Science module in the Philosophy department. {Link without Title}
- University Of Florida has a Graduate Program in 'History of Science, Technology, and Medicine' at the University of Florida provides undergraduate and graduate degrees. {Link without Title}
- University Of King's College has a History of Science and Technology Program. {Link without Title}
- University Of Leeds has both undergraduate and graduate programmes in History and Philosophy of Science in the Department of Philosophy. {Link without Title}
- University Of Oklahoma has an undergraduate minor and a graduate degree program in History of Science. {Link without Title}
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- University Of Pennsylvania has a program in history and sociology of Science. {Link without Title}
- University Of Toronto has a program in history and philosophy of Science and Technology. {Link without Title}
- University Of Wisconsin-Madison has a program in the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology. {Link without Title}
- Utrecht University has two co-operating programmes: one in History and Philosophy of Science at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and one in Historical and Comparative Studies of the Sciences and the Humanities at the Faculty of Humanities. and [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Solis/homelet/master/hiscompstudies/
- Yale University has a program in the History of Medicine and Science. {Link without Title}
- H. Floris Cohen, ''The Scientific Revolution: A Historiographical Inquiry'', University of Chicago Press 1994 - Discussion on the origins of modern science has been going on for more then two hundred years. Cohen provides an excellent overview.
- Ernst Mayr , ''The Growth of Biological Thought'', Belknap Press 1985
- Michel Serres ,(ed.), ''A History of Scientific Thought'', Blackwell Publishers 1995
- ''Companion to Science in the Twentieth Century'', John Krige (Editor), Dominique Pestre (Editor), Taylor & Francis 2003, 941pp
- The Cambridge History of Science, Cambridge University Press
- ---Volume 4, Eighteenth-Century Science, 2003
- ---Volume 5, The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences, 2002
- J. A. Bennett, 'Museums and the Establishment of the History of Science at Oxford and Cambridge', British Journal for the History of Science 30, 1997, 29–46
- Dietrich von Engelhardt, ''Historisches Bewußtsein in der Naturwissenschaft : von der Aufklärung bis zum Positivismus'', Freiburg {Link without Title} : Alber, 1979
- A.-K. Meyer, 'Setting up a Discipline: Conflicting Agendas of the Cambridge History of Science Committee, 1936–1950.' Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 31, 2000
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