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"THE TUNE OF LI ZHONGTANG" ''Quasi-official'' For purposes of diplomatic missions to Western Europe and Russia , Li Hongzhang (Zhongtang being a term of respect for a Vizier or Prime Minister ) employed in 1896 political lyrics combined with classical Chinese music -- later known as "The Tune of Li Zhongtang" (李中堂樂). "PRAISE THE DRAGON FLAG" ''Quasi-official'' After the Department of Army was established in 1906 , it became the army song, and had been played at formal occasions overseas. ¹兆 usually means one trillion (1012), but it could mean one million (106), and should have that value here in the song for factual accuracy. See Chinese Numerals for details. "THE CUP OF SOLID GOLD" ''Official. Main article: Gong Jin'ou '' The first and only official national anthem of the Qing Empire lived less than a month when the Wuchang Uprising occurred in 1911. It is in very flowery Classical Chinese . However, the Republic Of China denies that "The Cup of Solid Gold" was ever a national anthem. 1912 DRAFT ''Provisional'' After the establishment of the provisional government in Nanjing , the Ministry of Education under Cai Yuanpei asked the public for possible anthem (as well as coat of arm), and the one whose lyrics was written by Shen Enyun (沈恩孕) and music by Shen Pengnian (沈彭年) was released as a draft in the newspaper. "HOW GREAT IS OUR CHINA!" ''Unofficial'' Also called "Patrotic Song" (愛國歌), "How Great is Our China!" (泱泱哉，我中華！) has lyrics written by Liang Qichao and music by Overseas Chinese in Datong School (大同學校), Yokohama . Released in 1912 , it was widespread especially among by students. "CHINA HEROICALLY STANDS IN THE UNIVERSE" ''Official, regional'' After Yuan Shikai took over China, his Ritual Regulations Office (禮制館) issued the new official anthem "China heroically stands in the Universe " (中國雄立宇宙間) on June 1915 . Its lyrics was written by Yin Chang (廕昌) and music by Wang Lu (王露). "THE SONG TO THE AUSPICIOUS CLOUD" ''Official'' In November 1919, Tuan Chi-jui (later a Beiyang Warlord ) established the National Anthem Research Committee (國歌研究會), which adopted:
The anthem was released in July 1921 by the Department of National Affairs (國務院). ¹糺 (''jiū'' "collaborate") is sometimes written as 糾 (''jiū'' "investigate") or 織 (''zhī'' "to web") THE "REVOLUTION OF THE CITIZENS" SONG ''Provisional'' Written by officers of the Whampoa Military Academy , The "Revolution of the Citizens" Song (國民革命歌 Guomin Geming Ge), sang to the tune of "'' Frère Jacques ''," was released on July 1 , 1926 . |
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