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The Hispanic March or the '''Upper Mark''' (as the Arab s called it) was the border zone between Arab Hispania and the Frankish kingdom, in the region between the Pyrenees and the Ebro River. Places that were part of the Mark at any moment: Pamplona , Sangüesa , Jaca ( Aragón ), Sobrarbe , Ribagorza , Pallars , Urgell , Cerdanya , Conflent , Roussillon , Vallespir , Perelada , Empúries , Besalú , Ausona (Osona), Barcelona and Girona . The first conquered land was Roussillon (with Vallespir) c. 760. Girona (with Besalú) was took in 785 and Barcelona (with Ausona) in 801. Pamplona (and Sangüesa) was under control until 817 (but in Pamplona was discontinued before). Aragón castles were established beetwen 798 and 802. Sobrarbe is not sure because many of its history has a legendary character. Ribagorza and Pallars were linked to Tolosa and were added to this county c. 790. Urgell and Cerdanya were added in 798. From Empúries (with Perelada) the first news came from 812 but probably were under control c. 800. At North the region is called Septimania . The rulers were counts but when governed several counties were called ducem (Duke) and, when the county was in the border, marquis. After the lost of Pamplona (817) and Aragón (820) the land were know as Gothia , but, as Septimania counties rulers and Gothia counties rulers are the same, name Septimania prevaled in the era. But Gothia Land (Gothia Launia) give its name to the modern Catalonia . |
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