Hematology

Hematology (BE: '''haematology''') is the branch of Medicine that is concerned with Blood , the blood-forming organs and blood diseases. Hematology includes the study of Etiology , Diagnosis , Treatment , Prognosis , and Prevention of blood diseases. Medical specialists in this domain are called Hematologist s.

Blood diseases affect the production of Blood and its components, such as Blood Cells , Hemoglobin , Blood Proteins , the mechanism of Coagulation , etc.

HEMATOLOGY AS BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCE

CLASSIFICATION OF HEMATOLOGY DISEASES

Hemoglobinopathies (congenital abnormality of the Hemoglobin molecule or of the rate of hemoglobin synthesis)

--- Sickle-cell Disease

--- Thalassemia

--- Methemoglobinemia

Anemia s (lack of Red Blood Cells or hemoglobin)

--- Iron Deficiency Anemia

--- Megaloblastic Anemia

-- Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

- Pernicious Anemia

-- Folate deficiency

--- Hemolytic Anemias (destruction of Red Blood Cells )

--Genetic disorders of RBC membrane

- Hereditary Spherocytosis

- Hereditary Elliptocytosis

--Genetic disorders of RBC metabolism

- Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD)

- Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

--Immune mediated hemolytic anaemia ( Direct Coombs Test is positive)

- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

---Idiopathic

--- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

--- Evans' Syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and haemolytic antibodies)

Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia

--- Idiopathic Cold Hemagglutinin Syndrome

--- Infectious Mononucleosis

--- Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (rare)

- Alloimmune hemolytic anemia

Hemolytic Disease Of The Newborn (HDN)

-Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anaemia

Penicillin (high dose)

Methyldopa

-- Hemoglobinopathies (where these is an unstable or crystaline hemoglobin)

-- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (rare acquired clonal disorder of red blood cell surface protiens)

-- Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia

--- Aplastic Anemia

-- Fanconi Anemia

-- Diamond-Blackfan Anemia

-- Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplasia

Decreased numbers of cells

--- Myelodysplastic Syndrome

--- Myelofibrosis

--- Neutropenia (decrease in the number of Neutrophils )

--- Agranulocytosis

--- Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia

--- Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the number of Platelets )

-- Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

-- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)

-- Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Myeloproliferative Disorder s (Increased numbers of cells)

--- Polycythemia Vera (increase in the number of cells in general)

--- Leukocytosis (increase in the number of White Blood Cells )

--- Thrombocytosis (increase in the number of Platelets )

--- Myeloproliferative Disorder

Hematological Malignancies

--- Lymphoma s

-- Hodgkin's Disease

-- Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

-- Burkitt's Lymphoma

-- Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

--- Myeloma s

-- Multiple Myeloma

-- Waldenström Macroglobulinemia

--- Plasmacytoma

--- Leukemia s

-- Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

-- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

-- Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

-- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

-- Hairy Cell Leukemia

Coagulopathies (disorders of Bleeding and Coagulation )

--- Thrombocytosis

---Recurrent Thrombosis

--- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

---Disorders of clotting proteins

-- Hemophilia

- Hemophilia A

- Hemophilia B (a.k.a. Christmas Disease )

- Hemophilia C

-- Von Willebrand Disease

-- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

-- Protein S Deficiency

-- Antiphospholipid Syndrome

---Disorders of Platelets

-- Thrombocytopenia

-- Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia

-- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Miscellaneous

--- Haemochromatosis

--- Asplenia

--- Hypersplenism

-- Gauchers Disease

Haemotological changes secondary to non-haemotological disorders

--- Anemia Of Chronic Disease

--- Infectious Mononucleosis

--- AIDS

--- Malaria

--- Leishmaniasis

TESTS

Tests used in the investigation of haematological problems include:

Full Blood Count s

Blood Film s

Bone Marrow Biopsies

Coombs Test

serum Ferritin level

Vitamin B12 and Folate levels

Prothrombin Time

Partial Thromboplastin Time

Protein Electrophoresis

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

D-dimer

TREATMENTS

Treatments include:

Diet advice

Oral Medication - tablets or liquid medicines

Anticoagulation therapy

Intramuscular injections (e.g. Vitamin B12 injections)

Blood Transfusion (for Anemia )

Venesection (for Iron Overload or Polycythemia )

Bone Marrow Transplant (e.g. for Leukemia )

Chemotherapy (e.g. for Leukemia )

Radiotherapy (in decline, e.g. for Leukemia )

ALPHABETICAL LISTS

EXTERNAL LINKS

American Society of Hematology

BloodLine

	CATEGORIES ABOUT HEMATOLOGY

	blood disorders

	hematology

	subjects taught in medical schoolblood disorders

	hematology

	subjects taught in medical school

	medical specialties

	blood

	clinical pathology

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Information About

Hematology