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Hapax Legomenon
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  • '' Honorificabilitudinitatibus '' is a hapax legomenon of Shakespeare 's works.

  • ''Nortelrye'', a word for "education" found only in Chaucer , and then only once.

  • ''autoguos'' (αυτογυος), an Ancient Greek word for a "plow", which is found only once (and exclusively) in Hesiod , whose precise meaning is obscure.

  • ''Flother'', a synonym for "snowflake", is a hapax legomenon of written English pre-1900 found in a manuscript from around 1275 .

  • ''Pim'', a stone weight equal in value to two thirds of a Shekel , approximately one quarter ounce, is a hapax legomenon of Biblical Hebrew found in 1 Samuel 13:20.


The term is popular among Bible scholars, who take the number of hapaxes in a putative author's corpus as an indication of his vocabulary and thereby argue for or against attribution. The identification of a word as a hapax by these authors means that it occurs once in the Bible or yet more narrowly, once in the New Testament .

The term hapax legomenon refers to a word's appearance in a body of text, not to its origins or prevalence in speech. It thus differs from a Nonce Word , which may never be recorded, or may find currency and be recorded widely, or which may appear several times in the work which coins it, and so on.