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Han chauvinism (大汉族主义, 汉沙文主义) or '''Hanism''' (汉本位) is a term which is used in the Mainland China , Taiwan , and Japan , referring to people carrying ethnocentric viewpoints that favor the Han Chinese majority ethnic group in China at the expense of the other Minority Ethnic Groups , often under the assumption of cultural or racial superiority. Han chauvinists in the People's Republic Of China often construct enemies of Manchu s, Mongol s and members of the Han Nationality that oppose a monolithic view of the nationality. Han chauvinism is also sometimes manifest as nostalgia in the Expansion ary exploits by past Chinese Dynasties , especially those identified with the Han Nationality , but in some contexts also including the Qing Dynasty . Actions and speech that constitute the ethnocentric and ideological aspects of Han chauvinism (such as minority-bashing) are not permitted by law in the People's Republic Of China and are generally banned or censored. The term, however, has been carelessly and often maliciously mislabeled onto the general Han Chinese population and on Han Chinese who show any interest or Hobby toward Han Chinese culture and cultural activities (such as Han Chinese Clothing and music). When used loosely and without a specific target, for example in the clause "The Han chauvinism amongst Chinese...", it implicates the general population of being racist. This consequently has made the term highly Pejorative unless used specifically under the charges of racism and expansionism. Those espousing chauvinistic attitudes often revive ancient pejorative and anachronistic terms to refer to other ethnic groups as " Barbarian s". In ancient times, the following terms were used by various peoples of the Zhongyuan (North China Plain) to refer to those peoples not under the political control or cultural influence of the main Chinese dynasty; however, many of these "barbarians" make up the bulk of today's Han Chinese ethnicity (hence the below terms as used historically were geographic and cultural labels, rather than racial in the modern sense). The terms below, however, were also used by the Japanese to various extents, hence diluting the claim of their links specifically to Han chauvinism.
In Taiwan , Han chauvinism (汉本位) is also used to accuse a preference for the culture and languages of Mainland Chinese over the local cultures of Taiwan, both Han Chinese and non-Han. It is most often used by Pro-independence Groups to attack Pro-reunification Groups and the Nationalists (KMT) who came from the mainland after their defeat to Communists in 1949. In the People's Republic Of China , the term Han chauvinism (大汉族主义) is also used by some members of Ethnic Minority Groups as justification for Separatist movements. SEE ALSO REFERENCES
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