| Hadith Of Umar's Speech Of Forbidding Mut'ah |
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The speech was held while Umar was a Sunni Caliph, and in it he announced that he would ban the practice of Mut'ah . Although the narration is prominently quoted and referred to, it is not given any formal name, in contrast to other hadith such as the Hadith Of The Pond Of Khumm or the Hadith Of Qur'an And Sunnah INTRODUCTION To be able to undestand this narration, one must be familiar with the following: Mut'ah Of Hajj There exists two form of pilgrimage, the "minor pilgrimage "(Arabic ''''). In pre-Islamic Arabia, if one would go to the minor pilgrimage a short period before the major one would commence, he was forbidden to go out of the dress code if he intended to follow it up with a Major pilgrimage. This rule was abrogated by prophet Muhammad, who said it was allowed to go out of the strict dress codes between the two pilgrimages, and this relaxation became known as "joy" (Arabic: '' Mut'ah '') or more distinctly, the "joy of pilgrimage" (Arabic '' Mut'ah Of Hajj ''). This is not mentioned in the Qur'an, rather it is a part of the Sunnah . Nikah Mut'ah In the Qur'an, two forms of marriage are described. One being permanent in nature (Arabic: '' Nikah ''), and the other being a time-fixed marriage, named in Arabic as Mut'ah , or more distincly as Nik'ah Mut'ah . Mut'ah Only stating "Mut'ah" can denote either "Nikah Mut'ah", or "Mut'ah of Hajj", or both at the same time. Combining Umr'ah and Hajj When planning a pilgrimage, one is expected to anounce his intention to do so at the start of the journey. Muhammad had also decreed that Umarah and Hajj can be combined, ie: starting a pilgrimage with the intention of participiating in both events. If one would start a pilgrimage with only the intention of doing a minor one, and after starting it he would decide that he also intends to do the major one, he needs to go a certain distance away from Mecca , and then start a new pilgrimage, intending to do the greater one. Ibn Abbas and Ibn Zubair Both where famous and very prominent contemporaries of Muhammad (Arabic: '' Sahaba ''), and both where very young when Muhammad died. NARRATION The narrator, Abu Nadhra said: :'' Ibn Abbas commanded to do Mut'ah while Ibn Zubair forbade to do it. I mentioned this to Jabir Ibn Abd-Allah and he said: ::''It is through me that this Hadith has been circulated. We did Mut'ah (of Hajj and women) at the time of the Messenger of Allah. When Umar was installed as Caliph, he said: :::''Verily Allah made permissible for his Messenger whatever He like and as He liked. And its command was revealed in Qur'an . Thus accomplish Hajj and Umrah for Allah as Allah has commanded you, and confirm (by reverting to permanent marriage, Nikah) the marriages of those women (with whom you have performed Nikah Mut'ah). And any person would come to me with a marriage of appointed duration (i.e. Nikah Mut'ah) I would stone him (Arabic '' Rajm ''). (another narrator of hadith,) Qatada narrated this (above) hadith with the same Chain Of Transmitters saying (that 'Umar also said): :::''Separate your Hajj from 'Umra, for that is the most complete Hajj, and complete your Umra. MUSLIM VIEW Muslims view this hadith as notable and important on several accounts: several prominent persons are mentioned in the hadith and several controversial issues are dealt with. All Muslims agree that this hadith is authentic, and that Umar did indeed forbid Mut'ah. However, there is a very strong dispute on how to define "Mut'ah" Sunni view Sunnis considered this hadith as so strong that it is included it in thei second most trusted ''). Sunni interprit this hadith as Umar imposing the earlier alleged ban that Muhammad made on Nikah Mut'ah, and at the same time creating a new ban, a ban against Mut'ah of Hajj. They view it as he also commanded people to not combine their Hajj and Umrah. Regarding Ibn Abbas commanding Mut'ah, Sunni state that Ali corrected Ibn Abbas on the matter as soon as Ali was informed of Ibn Abbas view. This hadith is included in "The Book of Pilgrimage" in Sahih Muslim. Some have taken this as an indication that the author wanted to expres that this hadith is solely relevant to pilgrimiga and in no form relevant to the marriage form . Shi'a view Shi'a view this hadith as notable and important on several accounts. First, this is yet another hadith that states the famous Sahaba and scholar Ibn Abbas did make Fatwas in approval of fixed-time marriages long after the death of Muhammad. This is notable since according to Sunnis, Muhammad had on several occasions publicly baned fixed-time marriages. Shi'a argue that if that was the case, it would have been impossible for knowledgeble Ibn Abbas to have remained un-informed of the matter, hence proving that Muhamad did do no such thing. The narration of Ali correcting Ibn Abbas is considered as an obvious forgery, considering both internal and external evidence. Further, it is notable in Shi'a view that the hadith states Umar confirmed that "its command was revealed in in the Qur'an. This is notable, since some individual Sunni, specialy Salafis, strongly reject the notion of Nikah Mut'ah being a part of the Qur'an, since they deem the practice to be so immoral. Umar then continues to bann something he just confirmed is authorised in the Qur'an, and that is seen by the Shi'a as a grave and open sin, Fisq . So, Shi'a view this hadith as a clear evidence that:
What is most notable in Shi'a view, is that the Hadith is included as Sahih in Sahih Muslim . The web site Al-islam.org claims that the hadith has been tranlated into the English Sahih Muslim in a deceitful way by Sunni Salafi English translators {Link without Title} . REFERENCE |
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