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HISTORY Different sets of Great Powers have existed in (including its Dominions ), the United States , France and Italy . The status of Japan requires qualification. They were not part of the Big Four, but were accorded two votes like the Big Four. Their position was highlighted by their Race Equality Proposal , which touched on a number of issues including their status as a Great Power. Although this proposal was defeated as first the British and then the Americans caved into the Australia n defence of the White Australia Policy , their successful retention of Shandong and the German Islands In The Pacific North Of The Equator indicated that they had attained the position of a Non-white Great Power. Again, after the Second World War in 1945 , the United States , the Soviet Union , the United Kingdom , France and the Republic Of China were formalised as the five powers with permanent seats and veto power in the UN Security Council . Clearly, shifts in great power status tend to follow wars. Great powers are also often associated with the projection of military power through a particular technology, such as Dreadnought s or Nuclear Weapons . A mere large, defensive infantry army, such as the Chinese would have been able to raise during the age of European dominance is not able to project power overseas. Even the U.S. Army and its blockading navy during the Civil War was insufficient at a time when the United States did not have armored ocean-going battleships. Wealth could be a military factor. Britain could not raise a large army quickly, but was able to fund allies to raise them for it during the Napoleonic Wars. The Congress Of Berlin , a peace treaty to a comparatively minor war, included Turkey and Italy at the status of those mentioned in the Concert Of Europe . International meetings, which developed during the second half of the nineteenth century, also serve to indicate Great Power status in the absence of peace treaties after wars, such as the different Berlin Conference . By the end of the Cold War and the era of Globalization other nations began to attain international recognition as great power or future great powers. Brazil and India are examples of such nations. Since the end of the World Wars , the term Great Power has been split up into a number of definite categories. The term Superpower was used to define a nation with overwhelming power over the rest of the world, this term was initially used to describe the United States and Soviet Union . The term Major Power (or sometimes Global Power ) has also been used to describe nations with great power, yet not as overwhelming as that of a superpower. This system forms a type of hierarchy for powerful nations. GREAT POWERS THROUGHOUT MODERN HISTORY SEE ALSO |
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