Information AboutGramine |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT GRAMINE | |
| indoles | |
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Gramine (also called donaxine) is a naturally occurring Indole Alkaloid present in several plant species. Gramine may play a defensive role in these plants, since it is toxic to many organisms. USES Gramine is used mostly in Synthetic Organic Chemistry as a starting material for Tryptophan syntheses. All reactions of gramine follow the same general reaction scheme. Gramine is reacted with a strong Electrophile , such as Methyl Iodide , to form the quaternary ammonium salt 2. The ammonium salt will undergo a Hofmann Elimination or Retro-Michael Addition to give the very active intermediate '''3''', which can accept a wide range of Nucleophile s to give the desired product '''4'''. BIOLOGY Gramine has been found in the Arundo , Silver Maple , Hordeum , and Phalaris plant species. SYNTHESIS Despite being widely available in several plant species, gramine is far easier to synthesize directly from indole via a Mannich Reaction with Dimethylamine and Formaldehyde . REFERENCES |
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