Information About

Glycerine






























Glycerol
Chemical Name 1,2,3-propanetriol
Chemical Formula C3H8O3
Molecular Mass 92.09 g/mol
Melting Point 18°C
Boiling Point 290 °C
Density 1.261 g/cm3
Food Energy 4.32 kcal/g
CAS Number 56-81-5
HS Number Crude Glycerol:1520.00.00
Pure Glycerol:2905.45.00
SMILES OCC(O)CO

Glycerol, also well known as '''glycerin''' and '''glycerine''', and less commonly as '''propane-1,2,3-triol''', '''1,2,3-propanetriol''', '''1,2,3-trihydroxypropane''', '''glyceritol''', and '''glycyl alcohol''' is a colorless, odorless, Hygroscopic , and sweet-tasting Viscous liquid. Glycerol is a Sugar Alcohol and has three Hydrophilic Alcohol ic Hydroxyl Group s (-OH) that are responsible for its solubility in Water . Glycerol is Prochiral . Glycerol is used in glycerol Soap , in Cosmetics and Creams , in Food s, in Chemistry , and in glycerol Fog Machine Mist . Glycerol is produced from dihydroxyacetone phosphate ( DHAP ) by the enzyme glycerol three-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpd p) in the Mitochondrion of the Eukaryotic cell during Glycolysis . {Link without Title}

GLYCEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDES


When referring to its function in living organisms, the term glycerol is preferred. Glycerol is an important component of Triglyceride s (i.e. Fat s and Oil s) and of Phospholipid s. Glycerol is a three- Carbon substance that forms the backbone of fatty acids in fats.(1) When the body uses stored fat as a source of energy, glycerol and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream. The glycerol component can be converted to Glucose by the liver and provides energy for cellular metabolism.

A of Saponification and Transesterification to obtain Biodiesel , this is produced by Hydrolysis of three Ester linkages and loss of three equivalents of Fatty Acid from fat or biological oil.

Fat s and Oil s are insoluble in Water , because the OH groups of glycerol are replaced by Ester groups. They are Hydrophobic .


GLYCEROL AND BIODIESEL


As a byproduct of Biodiesel production, each of the OH sites in HO-CH2-CH(-OH)-CH2-OH is one of the three places where a Fatty Acid chain is broken off the Triglyceride Molecule .

See: Transesterification .


PURIFICATION


Like , Separation of unreacted Methanol , Dilution with wash liquid stream coming from methylester washing, splitting of soaps and final concentration up to 80%. Partially refined glycerol can be delivered as such to specialized distillers.

Feedstock pre-treatment and upgrading of glycerol to Pharmaceutical grade (>99.7%) can be optionally implemented within the biodiesel factory itself.

When used in food, care should be taken to use only pure Vegetable glycerol that is specifically labeled for use in food. "External use only" warnings should be heeded.


APPLICATIONS



Drugs


  • Used in medical and pharmaceutical preparations, mainly as a means of improving smoothness, providing Lubrication and as a humectant. Also may be used to lower intracranial and intraocular pressures.

  • Laxative Suppositories , Cough Syrup s, elixirs and expectorants.



Personal care




When used as an emollient, glycerol should never be applied undiluted to the skin. The same powerful Hygroscopic property that draws moisture out of the air to moisten the skin will draw moisture out of the skin if the glycerol is too concentrated. A minimum of two or three parts water should be added to one part glycerol.


Foods and beverages



Glycerol has approximately 27 food calories per teaspoon and is 60% as sweet as Sucrose . Although it has about the same Food Energy as table sugar, it does not raise blood sugar levels, nor does it feed the bacteria that form plaques and cause dental cavities. Glycerol should not be consumed undiluted, as unhydrated glycerol will draw water from tissues, causing blistering in the mouth and gastric distress. As food additive, glycerol is also known as E Number E422.


Polyether polyols


  • One of the major raw materials for the manufacture of Polyol s for flexible foams, and to a lesser extent rigid Polyurethane foams

  • Glycerol is the initiator to which propylene oxide/ethylene oxide is added



Alkyd resins (plastics) and cellophane


  • Used in surface coatings and paints

  • Used as a softener and plasticizer to impart flexibility, pliability and toughness

  • Uses include meat casings, collagen casings (medical applications)and nonmeat packaging

  • Plasticizer in Cellophane .



Absolute alcohol


  • There is an Absolute Alcohol production process by dehydration using glycerol.



Other applications


  • Manufacture of paper as a Plasticizer , Nitroglycerin , humectant and Lubricant

  • Humectant for pet foods to retain moisture and enhance palatability

  • Used in lubricating, sizing and softening of yarn and fabric

  • Used in de-/anti-icing fluids, as in Vitrification of blood cells for storage in Liquid Nitrogen

  • Patent applications have been filed for detergent Softeners and Surfactants based on glycerol (i.e., alkyl glyceryl Ether s) instead of Quaternary Ammonium compounds.

  • A way to preserve leaves is to submerge them in a solution of glycerol and water.

  • :: Use a mixture of one part glycerol to two parts water. Place the mixture in a flat pan, and totally submerge the leaves in a single layer in the liquid. You'll have to weigh them down to keep them submerged. In two to six days, they should have absorbed the liquid and be soft and pliable. Remove them from the pan and wipe off all the liquid with a soft cloth. Done correctly, the leaves will remain soft and pliable indefinitely.

  • Can be added to solutions of water and soap to increase that solution's ability to generate Soap Bubble s that will last a long time.

  • Use as antifreeze in Cryogenic process.

  • Used in Fog Machine fluids

  • Used in hookah tobacco mixtures (called "ma'assel" or "shisha" tobacco), often along with molasses and/or honey.

  • Counteracts Phenol burns


See also: Oleochemical s.


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''Glycerine'' is also the title of a single (albeit mispronounced) from the album '' Sixteen Stone '' by the band Bush .