| Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle |
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The first two flights of the GSLV were developmental. The first, partially successful, flight was in April 2001 which launched GSAT-1 . The second, which was fully successful, was in May 2003 launching the experimental communication satellite GSAT-2 . The first operational flight was the launch of the EDUSAT Communications Satellite on 20th September 2004 . The three flights of GSLV so far have used Russian cryogenic engine for the last stage. The next flight is expected to use an Indian cryogenic engine. The GSLV uses four L40 liquid strap-on boosters and can place approximately 5000 kg (11,000 lbm) into an easterly LEO orbit. Using the Russian KVD-1 cryogenic upper stage, GSLV can place 2200 kg (4,850 lbm) into an 18 degree Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit(GTO) orbit. FIRST STAGE S125 stage is 2.8 m in dia. and is made of M250 grade maraging steel and it has a nominal propellant loading of 129 t. Each L40’s are loaded with 40 t of hypergolic propellants (UDMH & N2O4) stored in two independent tanks of 2.1 m diameter in tandem and has a pump-fed engine of 680 kN thrust. SECOND STAGE The second stage is 2.8 m in diameter and is loaded with 37.5 t of liquid propellants (UDMH & N2O4) in two compartments of an aluminium alloy stage tankage separated by a common bulk head. This has a pump-fed engine of 720 kN thrust. THIRD STAGE The third stage is 2.8 m in diameter and uses liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) in two separate tanks of aluminium alloy interconnected by an inter-stage structure. Total propellant loading is 12.5 t.
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