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Also called: General Beer's Law, or: '''General Beer-Lambert-Bouguer Law''' or '''G'BLBL''':

In Spectroscopy ( Optics ) the General Beer-Lambert Law is not longer an Empirical relationship that relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling.

It's correct, discovering the law was an empirical task paired with intellectuality of different brains, but at least from now, it is a NON-empirical basic law of the nature.


EQUATIONS:

Contrary to almost any literature citation the General Beer-Lambert Law must
be expressed as:
A_{( \lambda ,\ env)} =
  • bc_n (1)


Therein:
  • A is the measurable Absorbance at -

  • λ is the observation Wavelength , when -

  • env is the environment of the Species !! - {ph}, temp., μr, etc.'''

  • εn is the ''molar absorption coefficient'' or the Molar Absorptivity of the Species '''n'''.

  • b is the thickness of the material, mixture, etc. - some times called '''d''' or '''l''' for Path Length of the light inside the 'material'/solution.

  • cn is the Concentration of absorbing species '''n''' in the material, solution, mixture, etc.

  • m is the '''TOTAL NUMBER''' of '''distinguishable Species''' !!! '''Never, never''' set this number directly equal to the number of different Molecules, Ions, Atoms, etc.'''!!!'''

  • n is the Index of the distinguishable Species.



So the new Law states, that the Absorbance at the observation Wavelength you are only able to measure is the Sum, and only the Sum, of '''all distinguishable Species n''', which have a ''molar absorption coefficient'' at your observation Wavelength , different to zero !!!!

  • bc should be called misleading the '''General Beer-Lambert Law''', instead.

    • But it is absolutely evident, that this literature formula is never covering any fact/part, that can in anyway be called general.


The new Law has, contrary to the literature formula, no problems and not a minimal deviation with/on Linearity. Of course, this takes only effect, if we are able to really think in spectra.
The new Law we are able to simplify, to show everybody the not any longer adequate adjective Empirical .

If we use the following very simple Equation (2), the '''Beer-Lambert-Bouguer Law''' loses any lack and any spot of bother:

  • c_n = z_n

    • (2)'''


In the moment, when we now insert this formula into our Equation (1) it must for everybody without exception be obvious, that any
Empiricism must drop from the original law forever!!!

Because:
  • zn is nothing else as any countable Species (different manifestation of matter) that is able to absorb light at the observation Wavelength , "inside your measuring beam".

    • With this in mind, Equation (1) results in:

A_{( \lambda ,\ env)} =
  • z_n (3)


The "final" form of the Law discloses us, that, for the resulting Absorbance , we have to summaries each number z of all distinguishable Species '''n''', multiplyed by their individual "effectivness of Absorbance " '''εn(λ, env)'''.

The simplest, most logical approach, at all.


REFERENCES:

Verification:

Consequences: