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Bush trees are the traditional open goblet shaped form, with a clear lower stem. Cordons are single stemmed trees with fruiting spurs planted at an angle. Any side branches are removed by pruning. cordons take less space and crop earlier than most other forms which means that more varieties can be got into a small space, but yields are smaller per tree. Espaliers have a central vertical trunk with three or four horizontal branches each side. Fans have a short central trunk with several radiating branches growing from the crown. Step-over espaliers have single horizontal branches at 30 cm from the ground and make a novel and productive border to the vegetable plot. All of these shapes require training by tying the branches to the required form, and pruning to retain the desired structure. This is usually carried out in autumn for major cutting back and late summer for light trimming. Autumn pruning encourages woody growth whilst late summer pruning encourages fruiting. Not all trees will accept all of the shapes above- Apple s and Pear s do well as cordons and espaliers for example, whereas cherries prefer to be fanned. SEE ALSO |
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