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Statistical Hypothesis Testing is founded on the assessment of differences and similarities between frequency distributions. This assessment involves measures of Central Tendency or Averages , such as the Mean and Median , and measures of variability or Statistical Dispersion , such as the Standard Deviation or Variance .

A frequency distribution is said to be Skewed when its mean and median are different. The Kurtosis of a frequency distribution is the concentration of scores at the mean, or how peaked the distribution appears if depicted graphically—for example, in a Histogram . If the distribution is more peaked than the Normal Distribution it is said to be leptokurtic; if less peaked it is said to be platykurtic.

Frequency distributions are also used in Frequency Analysis to crack codes and refer to the relative frequency of letters in different languages.