| French Art Salons And Academies |
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ACADEMIES AND SALONS In France, "Academies" are government sponsored institutions and learned socities which monitor, foster and protect French cultural production. The first and most prestigious of these is the " Académie Française ", founded in 1634 by Cardinal Richelieu . It is concerned with the French Language . In the fine arts, the '' Académie De Peinture Et De Sculpture '' ("Academy of Painting and Sculpture") was founded by Cardinal Mazarin in 1648; the ''Académie d'architecture'' ("Academy of Architecture") was founded by Jean-Baptiste Colbert in 1671; the "Académie de musique" ("Academy of Music") was founded in 1669. In 1816, these three academies were reunitied as the '' Académie Des Beaux-arts '' ("Academy of Fine Arts"), which is (along with the "Académie française") one of the five academies that make up the " Institut De France " ("French Institute"). From the 17th to the 20th century, the "Académie de peinture et sculpture" organized official art exhibitions called Salons . To show at a salon, a young artist needed to be received by the Académie by first submitting an artwork to the jury; only Académie artists could be shown in the salons. Salons were started under Louis XIV and continued from 1667-1704. After a hiatus, the salons started up again in 1725. Under Louis XV , the most prestigious Salon took place in Paris (the '' Salon De Paris '') in the ''Salon carré'' of the Louvre , but there were also salons in the cities of Bordeaux , Lille and Toulouse . In 1881, the government withdrew official sponsorship from the annual Salon, and a group of artists organised the Société Des Artistes Français to take responsibility for the show. In the 19th century, the salon system frequently incited criticism from artists for the bland or academic quality of the artwork, while radical artists (like Edouard Manet or Gustave Courbet ) would not be received or would be greatly censured by the "respectable" public. The salon system thus forced radical and modern artists to seek alternative or ''unofficial'' exhibition sites. This is especially true for Impressionists and Fauvism . The "Académie de peinture et sculpture" is also responsible for the '' Académie De France '' in the '' Villa Médicis '' in Rome (founded in 1666) which allows promising artists to study in Rome. See also:
OTHER MAJOR ART EXHIBITIONS IN FRANCE France has been the host of a number on important international fairs and exhibitions:
Paris was also the site of two world exhibitions of decorative arts:
Today, France is host to one of Europe's most pretigious international contemporary art fairs, the ''FIAC'' ("Foire internationale d'art contemporain"), and to ''Paris Photo'' (an international photography exhibition). Other art fairs and salons include:
See also List Of World's Fairs . |
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