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Foreign Exchange Option




In finance, a foreign exchange option (commonly shortened to just '''FX option''') is a Derivative where the owner has the right but not the obligation to exchange money denominated in one Currency into another currency at a pre-agreed Exchange Rate on a specified date.

  • 1,000,000 = $181,818 or £100,000.



VALUING FX OPTIONS: THE GARMAN-KOHLHAGEN MODEL


As in the Black-Scholes Model for Stock Options and the Black Model for certain Interest Rate Option s, the value of a European Option on an FX rate is typically calculated by assuming that the rate follows a log-normal process.

In 1983 Garman and Kohlhagen extended the Black-Scholes model to cope with the presence of two interest rates (one for each currency). Suppose that rd is the risk-free interest rate to expiry of the domestic currency and rf is the foreign currency risk-free interest rate (where domestic currency is the currency in which we obtain the value of the option; the formula also requires that FX rates - both strike and current spot be quoted in terms of "units of foreign currency per unit of domestic currency"). Then the value of a call option into the foreign currency has value
:c = S \exp(-r_f T) N(d_1) - K \exp(-r_d T) N(d_2)
The value of a put option has value
:p = K \exp(-r_d T) N(-d_2) - S \exp(-r_f T) N(-d_1)

where
:S is the current spot rate
:K is the strike rate
:N is the cumulative normal distribution function
:d_1 = rac{\ln(S/K) + (r_d - r_f + \sigma^2/2)T}{\sigma\sqrt{T}}
:d_2 = d_1 - \sigma\sqrt{T}
:and \sigma is the volatility of the FX rate.


SEE ALSO