| Foreign Contacts Of Ancient Egypt |
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PREDYNASTIC NAQADA (C. 4400-3100 BC) Evidence of Naqada n contacts include Pottery and other Artifact s from the Levant that have been found in Ancient Egypt and Obsidian from Ethiopia and the Aegean . Egyptian Artifact s dating to this era have been found in Canaan and other regions of the Near East , including Tell Brak and Uruk and Susa in Mesopotamia . EARLY DYNASTIC (PRIOR TO C. 2575 BC) Evidence of Early Dynastic contacts are basically a continuation of the Predynastic above with further extensions into Sudan . There are also some indications of contact with the Aegean and Crete in this time period, but this evidence is weak. Some First Dynasty Egyptian pottery has been found in southern Canaan , including some bearing the name of Narmer . Other reflections of Near East ern contact particularly include a design of a Flint Knife . OLD KINGDOM (PRIOR TO C. 2134 BC) Evidence of (in modern Sudan and Ethiopia ) and Punt (perhaps modern Somalia , Ethiopia and/or Arabia ), eastward to the Near East ( Byblos and Ebla , Syria ), northward to the Aegean and the Greek Islands , and westward (limited evidence) with Libya . MIDDLE KINGDOM (PRIOR TO C. 1648 BC) Evidence of , in particular Buhen and Kerma . Nubia ns also lived in Ancient Egypt in this time period. Eastward contacts are represented by objects and motific works of Ancient Egypt found in the Near East , including modern Anatolia and Byblos and those ancient regions around Palestine and Syria . Some King s of Byblos have been found buried with Egyptian items. Westward, evidence of contact with Libya is generally limited to military expeditions. Northward, evidence of contact with the Aegean includes Minoan relics found in Egypt . NEW KINGDOM (PRIOR TO C. 1070 BC) New Kingdom contacts (everywhere except Greece ) seem to have been dominated by military activities. Strong northerly contacts with Crete , Mycenea and the Helladic (on the Aegean islands) seem to have persisted during this time. Southward, Egypt conquered Nubia . Eastward, the Egyptians attempted (unsuccessfully) to conquer ancient regions of Palestine and Syria , being opposed by the Mitanni and the Hittites . Although, limited trade between the regions seems to have continued, culminating in the world's earliest known Peace Treaty , between Ramesses II and the Hittites. Westward, contact with Libya is again generally limited to military activities. LATE PERIOD (PRIOR TO C. 343 BC) Foreign contacts in the Late Period Of Ancient Egypt seem to have been mere extensions of those of the New Kingdom . Military expeditions again persist, everywhere but in Ancient Greece . In fact, there is in this time period evidence of Greek Soldier s fighting for Egyptian Pharaoah s and the establishment of a Greek trading post, called Naucratis , within Egypt. Nubia is dominated by Ancient Egypt in this time period. Eventually, however, by the 25th Dynasty , Nubia conquers and controls Egypt, only themselves to become later ousted by the Assyria ns. Further, some scholars believe the Assyrians were then later driven out by the Napata ns. Eastward, Egypt gains control over Cyprus but, despite numerous attempts, never the ancient Palestine Regions . Again Libya n contacts in this era are generally limited to military activities. REFERENCES |
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