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A Figure Skating jump is determined by the launch, landing, and number of revolutions completed. Any jump of at least one but fewer than two revolutions is a single jump; similarly for double, triple, and quadruple jumps. Current world-class competition for men requires quadruple jumps in programs, while women need triple jumps. The first man to land a quad jump in competition was Kurt Browning in 1988 at the World Championships (quad toe-loop), and the first and only woman who has landed a quadruple jump in competition is Miki Ando of Japan, in 2002 at the Junior Grand Prix Finals (quad salchow). An ''edge jump'' is any jump which takes off from the skating foot without bringing the free foot in contact with the ice to assist the takeoff. Edge jumps include the axel, loop, and salchow. The Axel Jump , named for its originator Axel Paulsen , is launched on the forward outside edge and landed on the back outside edge of the opposite foot. It is the only jump that begins facing forward. The ''' Loop Jump ''' is launched from the back outside edge and lands on the same back outside edge. The ''' Salchow Jump ''' (pronounced "'sal-kau"), named for its originator Ulrich Salchow , is launched off the back inside edge and landed on the back outside edge of the opposite foot. The ''' Waltz Jump ''' is a one-half rotation launched from the forward outside edge, similar to an axel, and is rarely performed in competition. A ''toe-pick assisted jump'' is any jump in which the toe pick of the free foot is used to assist in pushing off. Such jumps include the flip, lutz, and toe loop. The Flip Jump is launched from a back inside edge and landed on the back outside edge of the opposite foot. The ''' Lutz Jump ''', named for its originator Alois Lutz , is launched from a back outside edge and landed on the back outside edge of the opposite foot. The rotation of the jump is in the opposite direction to the wide curve skated to prepare for the launch. The ''' Toe Loop Jump ''' is launched from the back outside edge and lands on the same back outside edge (in other words, a toe-pick assisted loop jump). In levels of difficulty, the jumps are ordered as follows with 1 being the hardest and 6 being the least difficult:
In pairs figure skating the throw jump may be performed, in which the woman is thrown into the air by her partner and lands on a back outside edge. There are eight different competitive levels of figure skating. These begin, from easiest to most difficult, with Pre-Preliminary, Preliminary, Pre-Juvenile, Juvenile, (Pre-)Intermediate, (Pre-)Novice, Junior, and Senior, the last being the Olympic level. SEE ALSO |
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