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After the Russian Revolution Of 1917 , the term "fellow traveller" was sometimes applied to Russia n writers who accepted the revolution's ends but were not active participants. Some writers were able during the relatively liberal era of the New Economic Policy to write on subjects in the manner of their choosing, but during various periods of Repressions that followed, particularly after the ascendency of Joseph Stalin , many found their position difficult. Some emigrated when the authorities refused to allow publication of anti-regime works, while others ceased writing together, sometimes coerced into doing so. A prominent example of the literary fellow travellers is Mikhail Bulgakov , author of '' The Master And Margarita ''. In Europe, the term was used to describe those who, without being Communist Party members of their respective countries, had communist sympathies, and sometimes acted in close connection with the (in the 1930s ), Greece , Yugoslavia (in the late 1940s ), and Latin America (in the 1950s and 1960s ). Many journalists, intellectuals and artists have been described (and sometimes referred to themselves) as fellow travellers, among them André Gide , André Malraux , Ernest Hemingway , and George Orwell . Some of these individuals would not maintain their sympathies, indeed George Orwell was highly critical of fellow - travellers amongst the British intelligencia. In the United States , the term has long been used to describe those who were linked, or accused of having links with, communists. Partly because of political controversies surrounding the subject, the term is in this context often used as or considered to be a political Pejorative . SEE ALSO REFERENCES |
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