| Exchange Interaction |
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Exchange interaction is the Quantum Mechanic al effect of increasing or decreasing the Energy of two or more Fermion s when their Wave Function s overlap. This energy change is the result of a force due to the Identity of particles and Exchange Symmetry . For example, two Electron s or two Photon s are indistinguishable - so their exchange must result in no observable changes. This mathematically results in Pauli Exclusion Principle for Semi-integer Spin particles and Bose-Einstein Condensation for Integer spin particles. According to Quantum Mechanics or Quantum Field Theory , particles of the same type are Indistinguishable and thus mathematically behave either as Boson s or Fermion s. In the former case, two (or more) particles can occupy the same Quantum State and this fact may be vaguely interpreted as an attractive exchange force; in the latter case, the particles can not occupy the same state (the Pauli Exclusion Principle )) - this effect may be interpreted as a repulsive exchange force (or exchange pressure). As a mathematical consequence, Fermions exibit strong repulsion when their wave function overlap, but Bosons do not. Fermi repulsion results in stiffness of fermions. That is why atoms (and atomic matter) or neutrons are "stiff" or "rigid" to touch - but bosons are not. Where Wave Functions of electrons overlap Pauli repulsion takes place. Same is true for Protons and Neutrons (due to large mass rigidness of barions is much larger than of electrons). In contrast, overlaping of wave function of bosons does not result in repulsion - thus bosons are not "rigid". Interesting that actual Fundamental Force s are not forces per se, but results of Conservation Of Momentum during exchange by Virtual Boson s called Force Carrier s. Due to this fact more accurate term Fundamental Interactions is used instead of older term "fundamental forces". SEE ALSO |
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