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The term ''ethnic enclave'' when used in the context of North American cities, has a slightly different meaning than it does when used elsewhere. The formal use of Enclave implies a community or population that is essentially trapped within walls and completely surrounded by an unfriendly population or government. In the United States and Canada , the term refers to communities, often of recent immigrants, who have voluntarily chosen to cluster together in a neighborhood, district or suburb. Generally, it is a geographical concentration of residents, businesses and community institutions of one ethnic group. Historically, the clustering may have been involuntary, due to housing discrimation which prevented members of ethnic or religious minorities from settling in more prosperous parts of town.
To city residents who are not part of the community, the area is usually a dining and shopping destination and source of "authentic" ethnic food and groceries, such as Chinese Cuisine in Chinatowns and Italian restaurants in Little Italys.
Certain ethnic enclaves may also be promoted as Tourist Attraction s for revenue, sometimes by community business leaders. Services and goods in the area are oriented toward the ethnic group, and the lingua franca for business and social exchanges in the area is the native language of the group. Street signs and business signage may be in the native language or in multiple languages, such as street signs in English and Chinese in Chinatowns. English is also used when conducting transactions with customers outside—even within (especially with American-born descendants of ethnic immigrants)—the ethnic group.
Ethnic enclaves may also be sources of imported goods not easily found or sold in mainstream American retail outlets; for example, Japanese-language popular culture items such as anime may be sold in Little Tokyo , a wide range of Ginseng and herbs as well as Hong Kong cinema Video CD s can be purchased in Chinatown and Bollywood blockbuster DVDs can be found in Little India. Enclaves are also sources of ethnic language media and these often provide a different scope of coverage than with mainstream news sources (that might otherwise give scant or no coverage to certain events), such as Chinese-language newspapers (for example, the World Journal ) and Yiddish-language newspapers. The ethnic media might focus closely on events in the country of origin and within the ethnic enclaves themselves (such as political rallies in Chinatown) and satellite immigrant communities.
Jewish enclaves may be enclosed in an Eruv while Muslim enclaves may have loudspeakers to announce the calls to prayer.
European enclaves are somewhat more common in the North and East; Asian enclaves are somewhat more common in the West.
- Asia West , Richmond , British Columbia , Canada
- Convoy Street , San Diego , California (Korean, Chinese, Japanese)
- Somerset Heights , Ottawa , Ontario, Canada (Chinese, Vietnamese) {Link without Title}
Chinatown
- Chinatown, Boston , Massachusetts, United States
- Chinatown, Chicago , Illinois, United States
- Chinatown, Detroit , Michigan, United States (historic)
- Chinatown, Honolulu , Hawaii, United States
- Chinatown, Houston , Texas, United States
- Chinatown, Las Vegas , Nevada, United States
- Chinatown, Los Angeles , California, United States
- Chinatown, Manhattan , New York, United States
- Chinatown, New Orleans , Louisiana, United States {Link without Title}
- Chinatown, Philadelphia , Pennsylvania, United States
- Chinatown, Portland , Oregon, United States
- Chinatown, Oakland , California, United States
- Chinatown, San Francisco , California, United States
- Chinatown, Toronto , Ontario, Canada
- Chinatown, Vancouver , British Columbia, Canada
- Chinatown, Washington, D.C. , United States
- Quartier Chinois , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
- Windsor, Ontario , Wyandotte Street West, Canada
- Sunset Park, Brooklyn , New York, United States
Little India
- Little Calcutta , Toronto , Ontario, Canada
- Little India, Artesia, California , United States ( Hindu )
- Little India, Chicago , Illinois, United States
- Little India, Toronto , Ontario, Canada
- Little India, Vancouver , British Columbia, Canada ( Sikh )
- Jackson Heights , Queens, New York City
Japantown
- Japantown, San Francisco , California, United States
- Japantown, San Jose, California , United States
- Japantown, Vancouver , British Columbia, Canada (aka Little Ginza )
- Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, California , United States
- Little Osaka, Los Angeles, California , United States
Koreatown
- Koreatown, Los Angeles, California , United States
- Koreatown, Chicago, Illinois , United States
- Koreatown, Manhattan , New York, United States / Little Korea , New York City , United States
- Koreatown, Oakland, California , United States
- Little Seoul , Garden Grove, California, United States
- Koreatown, Vancouver , British Columbia, Canada
Little Manila
- Thai Town , Los Angeles, California, United States
Little Saigon
- (Various: Westminster , California; Texas; Washington; Pennsylvania; Virginia)
- Basque Block, Boise, Idaho
- Commercial Drive (Vancouver) , (European, South American multiethniculturalism)
- Frog Hollow , Hartford, Connecticut (French-speaking when named, but African-American and Hispanic in late 20th Century )
- Lithuania Plaza, Chicago
- Little Odessa , New York City ( Russian )
- Ballard, Seattle, Washington ( Scandinavia n)
- Andersonville, Chicago (historic; Swedish)
Greektown s
Corktown
- Beverly, Chicago
- Bridgeport, Chicago
- Cabbagetown, Toronto , Ontario (historic; Irish)
- Canaryville , Chicago (Irish)
- Charlestown , Boston (Irish)
- Corktown, Detroit
- Corktown, Hamilton, Ontario
- Corktown, Toronto, Ontario
- Dogtown , St. Louis (Irish)
- Dorchester , Boston (Irish)
- Gerritsen Beach, Brooklyn (Irish)
- Griffintown , Montreal, Quebec (historically Irish)
- Hell's Kitchen , Manhattan (Irish)
- Irish Channel, New Orleans
- Kamm's Corner, Cleveland , Ohio
- Mount Greenwood , Chicago
- Pointe-Saint-Charles , Montreal, Quebec (Irish)
- Southie/South Boston (Irish)
- South Buffalo , Buffalo, New York (Irish)
- Tipperary Hill , Syracuse, New York ( Irish )
- Woodlawn, Bronx, New York (Irish)
- Woodside, Queens (Irish)
Little Italy
- Bensonhurst , Brooklyn, New York (Italian)
- Bloomfield (Pittsburgh) , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Italian) {Link without Title}
- Carroll Gardens , Brooklyn (Italian)
- Cobble Hill , Brooklyn (Italian)
- Corso Italia , Toronto (Italian)
- Italian Market (Philadelphia)
- Federal Hill, Providence , Providence , Rhode Island
- Little Italy, Baltimore
- Little Italy, Cleveland
- Little Italy, Manhattan
- Little Italy, San Diego
- Little Italy, Syracuse
- Little Italy, Toronto
- Little Italy, Vancouver
- Via Italia, Windsor (Little Italy)
- Little Italy Of The Bronx , New York
- North Beach , San Francisco (Little Italy)
- North End, Boston, Massachusetts (Little Italy)
- Petite Italie , Montreal, Quebec (Little Italy)
- Garfield Ridge, Chicago (Polish)
- Greenpoint , Brooklyn, New York (Polish)
- Hamtramck, Michigan , separate municipality enclave of Detroit, Michigan (Polish). See also Poletown .
- Jackowo , Chicago, Illinois ( Polish )
- Poletown , Detroit, Michigan
- Polish Hill , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Slavic Village , Cleveland, Ohio (Polish)
- Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York (historically Polish)
- Assyrian District , northern Chicago, United States
- Dearborn, Michigan (Arab)
- Arabian Village, Detroit and Dearborn, Michigan border (Arab)
- Windsor, Ontario , Wyandotte Street East, Canada
- Little Armenia
- --- Little Armenia, Watertown, Massachusetts , United States
- --- Little Armenia, Los Angeles, California , United States
- --- Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California , United States
- Little Gaza , Anaheim, California, United States
- Little Kabul , Fremont, California
- Little Persia , Los Angeles, California, United States ( Iran ian)
- Little Arabia / Little Istanbul , Paterson, New Jersey and Clifton, New Jersey , United States.
- Little Jamaica , Toronto Canada
- Capitol Hill , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma, United States ( Hispanic )
- El Barrio, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (North Fifth Street)
- Fruitvale, Oakland, California , United States (Hispanic)
- Loisaida on the Lower East Side of Manhattan , New York, New York , United States (Hispanic in late 20th Century )
- Little Havana , Miami, Florida , United States
- Little Haiti , Miami, Florida, United States
- Mexicantown , Detroit, Michigan, United States
- The Mission , San Francisco, California , United States ( Hispanic )
- Pico-Union, Los Angeles, California , United States (Greek in mid 20th century, predominantly Central American Hispanic today)
- Spanish Harlem , New York, New York, United States
- South Side , Waco, Texas , United States
- Washington Heights , New York, New York, Dominicans
- Jackson Heights , Queens, New York, formerly Colombians, now generic South American and Mexican population
- Little Village, Chicago, Illinois (Mexican)
- Black Bottom , Detroit, Michigan , United States (historic)
- Black Bottom , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , United States (historic)
- Chaldean Town , Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Christie Pits , Toronto, Ontario (Central and South American and others)
- Commercial Drive , Vancouver , British Columbia, Canada (European, South American multiethniculturalism)
- Eatonville , (historic African-American township in Florida )
- International District, Seattle, Washington , United States
- Little Canada, Minnesota , United States (town populated by French Canadian -origin Americans)
- Little Ethiopia , Los Angeles, California , United States
- Petite-Patrie , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Pilsen , Chicago, Illinois , United States (Czech when named, but Hispanic in late 20th Century , multi-cultural in early 21st Century )
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