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  • klewos ņdhgwhitom'') which was handed down in parallel over many centuries, in continually diverging forms, by generations of singers whose ultimate ancestors shared an archetypal repertoire of poetic formulae and narrative themes." (John Curtis Franklin, ''Structural Sympathies in Ancient Greek and South-Slavic Heroic Singing''.)


A name plus an epithet constitute a formula which exactly fits the Metric structure of the verse. The use of formulas is characteristic of ancient epic poetry.


LIST OF EPITHETS IN HOMER


  • Achilles

  • ---son of Peleus

  • ---swift-footed (''podas ôkus'')

  • ---god-like (''dios'')

  • Aias

  • ---son of Telamon

  • ---bulwark of the Achaeans (''herkos Achaiôn'')

  • Agamemnon

  • ---son of Atreus

  • ---leader of men (''anax andrôn'')

  • Aphrodite

  • ---laughter-loving (''philommeidês'')

  • ---golden (''chrusê'')

  • Apollo

  • ---far-shooting, who strikes from afar (''hekêbolos'' or ''hekatêbolos'')

  • Ares

  • ---man-slaying (''androphonos'')

  • ---brazen (''chalkeos'')

  • Athena

  • ---bright-eyed, owl-eyed (''glaukôpis'')

  • Eos (Dawn)

  • ---rosy-fingered (''rhododaktulos'')

  • ---early-rising (''êrigeneia'')

  • ---golden-throned (''chrusothronos'')

  • ---fair-throned (''euthronos'')

  • Hector

  • ---son of Priam

  • ---helmet-flashing (''koruthaiolos'')

  • ---glorious (''phaidimos'')

  • ---breaker of horses

  • ---man-killing

  • Helen

  • ---Argive (from Argos)

  • ---lovely-haired (''eukomos'')

  • ---born from Zeus (''Dios ekgegauia'')

  • Hephaistos

  • ---with the two strong arms (''amphiguêeis'')

  • Hera

  • ---ox-eyed (''boôpis'')

  • ---white-armed (''leukôlenê'')

  • Menelaus

  • ---son of Atreus

  • ---fair-haired, blond (''xanthos'')

  • ---good at the war-cry (''boên agathos'')

  • Odysseus

  • ---raider of cities

  • ---son of Laertes

  • ---resourceful (''polumêtis'')

  • ---much-enduring (''polutlas'')

  • ---sacker of towns (''ptoliporthios'')

  • Paris (Alexandros)

  • ---son of Priam

  • ---lord of the fair-haired Helen (''Helenês posis eukomoio'')

  • Patroklos

  • ---son of Menoitios

  • ---with the great heart (''megathumos'')

  • Poseidon

  • ---earth-shaker (''enosichtôn'')

  • Sea (''pontos'')

  • ---wine-colored (''oinops'')

  • Thetis

  • ---silver-footed (''arguropeza'')

  • ---lovely-haired (''eukomos'')

  • Zeus

  • ---cloud-gatherer (''nephelêgereta'')