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Groups frequently consist of students, young computer enthusiasts who spend days coding their demos. They often have a Pseudonym (called a " Handle " or " Nick "), usually chained together with the name of their group (in formats like "Scener of Demo Group" or "Scener/DG"). Demosceners rarely use their real names in demoscene contexts. This is a tradition originating from the demoscene's roots, where small demos were distributed along with cracked software, usually computer games. Many demogroups have been founded by friends who already knew each other in real life. However, there have also been groups that have taken their form online via Bulletin Board System s or the Internet. Perhaps the most important way for demogroups to communicate is IRC . Demosceners from different groups also meet each other in real life at Demoparties and smaller meetings. Demogroups often bear resemblances to corporate companies: demogroups incorporate Wordmark s, Logo s, Catchphrase s and Slogan s for their promotion. It is very important for a demogroup to have good PR, and major groups have dedicated group organisers who are responsible for "managing the group's human resources", i.e. nag the members who slack off. Some groups also treat the recruitment of new members with great care, often applying "trial periods" in which the new member has to prove himself to be worthy. It must be noted however, that these practices are often just intentional exaggeration (often Tongue-in-cheek ), to maintain an "elite" image for the group. A group is perhaps the most important social unit in the demoscene, and belonging to a group is often considered more or less synonymous to being a demoscener. Even individual productions, with no group activity involved, are typically associated with the group of the creative individual. There have even been several "one-man groups" when an individual demomaker with no group has wanted to release a demo or intro. DEMOGRAPHY The countries with the most active demogroups are currently Scandinavia ( Norway , Sweden , Finland and Denmark ), Germany , The Netherlands , France , Hungary , Spain , Poland and Switzerland . Some eastern countries ( Russia , Lithuania ) are present in the scene with some notable productions. Other European countries as well as Japan , Israel , Argentina and the United States provide a weak presence, but are nevertheless capable of producing spectacular releases every now and then. Due to the community-like nature of the demoscene, multi-national demogroups are not uncommon. DEMOSCENER FUNCTIONS Demosceners specialize themselves into various categories to be able to take part in the demomaking process. A few people are able to cross over between multiple archetypes (e.g. coder-musician, musician-designer), but this is by no means a trend. Coder The coder is the demogroup's programmer who creates the demo's software framework and is responsible for the actual realtime state of the demo. While some coders specialize in developing system-level functionality (such as providing wrappers and API s for other coders to base their code on), others code effects which are usually visual representations of mathematical formulas, such as Fractal s or Metaballs . In the 1990's, coders were most often entirely responsible for the demo's flow and arrangement, including the effect's synchronization to the music and sometimes even the design. Nowadays, software tools known as ''demotools'' are widely used, allowing this work to be done by a designer who does not have to be a coder. Many groups, however, still prefer that the coder takes most of the responsibility in the demomaking process, including the design. In many cases, an attempt for excelling in several areas has resulted in one area outshadowing the others: for instance, coders who try to make music often come up with "coder music" which may be technically passable but lacks artistic ambitions. "Coder graphics" and "coder palettes" are similar terms for graphics and color schemes. Graphic artist Graphic artists (or ''graphicians'' in scene Lingo ) create the visual coherency behind a demo, which include still pictures, design elements, fonts, colors, 3D objects, textures and animation. Originally, there was a single type of graphician creating typical 2D graphics (refered to as pixeled graphics because they were typically created one pixel at a time). Ever since demos started using complex (as in, much more elaborate than cubes and donuts) 3D graphics, graphicians that exclusively model 3D graphics are also around, sometimes refered to as (3D) modelers. Musicians Musicians are responsible for the composing, arranging, mixing and mastering (and in some cases, performing) the soundtracks and sound effects in the demo. In the older days, musicians worked with Tracker s, and the world of tracked music was heavily dominated by demoscene musicians. In later times, it became possible for the PC demos to use streaming, high-quality music formats, and the musicians started to gradually change their tools to professional Music Sequencer s. However, tracked music and other specialized formats still continue to be used in size-restricted intros as well as demos written for more restrictive platforms such as mobile devices and classic computers. Hang-around members In addition to creative members, many groups also have "hang-around members" who participate in demoparties and watch demos with the main members but have little involvement in the actual demomaking process. FAKE GROUPS Demosceners often form fake groups, which are essentially Secret Identities for making humorous or offending productions without scathing their original reputation - people in a fake group hide behind a Pseudonym (which, considering their demoscene handles, usually becomes a pseudo-pseudonym). This type of masquarading is often just performed to confuse naïve newcomers to the scene; while some fake identities are never revealed for their time of activity, in most cases a large portion of unrelated people are aware of the real persons behind the spoof. Famous fake groups include Elitegroup, ODD, FiRG!, Jumalauta, rECTUM cAUDA and Trepaan. SEE ALSO
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